Water management in the Flemish steel industry: the Arcelor Gent case

Steel production is an energy- and water-intensive process: large quantities of water are used for cooling, process and environmental-technical applications. In the mid-1990s, Arcelor Gent, a large integrated carbon steel producing company in Flanders (Belgium), started a number of water-related projects: the existing water infrastructure was adapted: the water from the coke plant was biologically treated; canal water was demineralised using reverse osmosis; waste water from the blast furnaces was neutralised with alkaline water from the steel plant. As a result of these projects, the quantity of discharged waste water was reduced by a factor of 2 (water recycling doubled from a factor of 10 to a factor of 20), and the discharge of pollutants decreased. Also resource consumption decreased: lime used in the steel plant, could be recovered to precipitate Zn in the waste water of the blast furnaces. Arcelor Gent obtained for these projects several Environmental Awards.     

某地铁站中央空调空调水系统节能技术改造方案

本文针对某地铁站中央空调水系统工程分析了目前系统中水泵的能耗起因，并提出了改造水泵降低能耗的具体方法，与改造前系统水泵能耗相比降低了56％。     

Excavation and support design of the Dicle–Kralkizi water tunnel: an overview

Tunneling projects have their uniqueness in terms of engineering problems. The expertise gained from analyzing these projects establishes a sound basis for future application. This paper conveys experiences gained during the construction and support of the design of the Dicle–Kralkizi water tunnel, Turkey. Tunnel stability problems including overbreaks and surface subsidence are evaluated. An analysis of the breakdowns, factors controlling advance rate and the overall performance of tunnel are covered. The accumulated information presented here is believed to be useful and reliable for a successful tunnel excavation in similar formations.     

建筑意--中国雕版印刷博物馆及扬州博物馆设计

本文以中国雕版印刷博物馆及扬州博物馆设计为例，从空间意象、理水设计、造形元素等方面对特定历史条件、自然条件下的建筑创作进行了探讨。     

Porosity distribution in highly compressible cake: Experimental and theoretical verification of the dense skin

The rate of filtration and the water content of cake are influenced by the existence of a dense skin in a highly compressible cake. The phenomenon of the dense skin has been rarely studied, and its existence has not been verified experimentally. In this study, the porosity variation in a very compressible cake is measured by using a new experimental apparatus, and with this the existence of dense skin has been established experimentally. ‘Unified theory on solid-liquid separation’, a recently developed theory, is utilized for calculating the porosity variation in a very compressible cake.     

生活污水用于园林绿化的实验

通过对11种在天津石化公司有代表性的绿化植物10年来应用生活污水的跟踪调查及进行的相关实验证明,直接应用生活污水浇灌绿化植物,对绿化植物生长及对环境造成的负面影响不大.根据实验结果认为,生活污水可以有条件地用于园林绿化,并应注意密切跟踪调查.     

超低渗广谱油层保护技术在板深51区块的应用

板深51区块存在压力敏感地层，在非目的层井段存在大段高渗低压砂岩，而目的层又属于高压低渗地层，属于难采油气田。室内进行的砂床滤失量、砂床封堵带承压能力、岩心封堵带的承压能力及油气层保护效果实验表明，在超低渗钻井液中增加固相含量，能够提高超低渗透膜结构强度，提高地层承压能力，降低砂床侵入深度，增强保护油气层效果，而且有选择性地增加有用固相效果更佳。基于这一理论，研究成功了超低渗广谱屏蔽暂堵油层保护技术，并在板深51区块长22—15井和长23—17K井进行了试验应用。该技术的关键是依据地层特性确定复配暂堵剂。长22-15井和长23-17K井射孔后未经过压裂、酸化、排液处理，获自喷高产，尤其是长22-15井形成自喷油流，创油田单井试采产量最高记录。应用结果表明，超低渗广谱保护油气层钻井液技术封堵隔层的承压能力强，很大程度地提高了漏失层的承压能力和破裂压力，较好地解决了含多套压力层系长裸眼段钻井过程中发生的漏失、井喷、卡钻、油气层保护等技术难题。     

Preliminary results of ENVISAT RA-2-derived water levels validation over the Amazon basin

Since the launch of the ENVISAT satellite in 2002, the Radar Altimetry Mission provides systematic observations of the Earth topography. Among the different goals of the ENVISAT Mission, one directly concerns land hydrology: the monitoring of the water levels of lakes, wetlands, and rivers. The ENVISAT Geophysical Data Records products contain, over different type of surfaces, altimeter ranges derived from four specialized algorithms or retrackers. However, none of the retrackers are intended to the processing of the radar echoes over continental waters. A validation study is necessary to assess the performances of the different ENVISAT-derived water levels to monitor inland waters. We have selected four test-zones over the Amazon basin to achieve this validation study. We compare first the performances of these retracking algorithms to deliver reliable water levels for land hydrology. Comparisons with in-situ gauge stations showed that Ice-1 algorithm, based on the Offset Centre of Gravity technique, provides the more accurate water stages. Second, we examine the potentiality to combine water levels derived from different sensors (Topex/Poseidon, ERS-1 and -2, GFO).     

根据概率分布建立有源器件的统计模型

给出一种新的统计模型的建立方法。在有源器件物理模型的基础上，通过优化物理模型参数的均值和均方根，使所建立统计模型的Ｓ参数在各个频率上的概率分布逼近测量数据的概率分布。从建立微波ＭＥＳＦＥＴ统计模型的算例结果看出，本方法不仅能比较好地拟合样本Ｓ参数的概率分布，而且提高了计算效率。     

管内覆丝网强化对流换热及阻力特性的实验研究

通过实验对管内覆丝网管进行了强迫对流换热和阻力特性研究。结果表明：管内覆丝网使换热明显增强，阻力也相应增长。菱形丝网对角线距离与平行边距离之比对换热效果有决定作用，丝网厚度对换热的影响比较小，而丝网网格的大小对换热几乎没有影响，在相同的泵功率和几何条件下，换热系数最大增加２１％。