When ‘knowing what’ is not enough: Role of organised simulations for developing effective practice

A decade on from the Rethinking Project Management (PM) network, concerns about the relevance gap continue with a number of multinationals looking explicitly to alternative strategies and forms of PM staff development. The literature is light on how project simulations can help the development of experienced managers as reflective experts. Few have examined the link between intended learning outcomes and real-time performance. Posing the question of “how easily is knowledge developed in the classroom transformed into effective practice?” the paper presents a chronological account of a 3-day simulated project by 25 experienced managers. Despite their prior experience and learning from shared problem-solving and structured reflections, participants struggled to deliver their projects as planned. Analysis referencing the knowledge epistemology and ambidexterity literatures yielded a number of design improvement opportunities and the insight that closing the knowing-doing gap requires courses to incorporate the ‘soft’ perceptual and attitudinal aspects underlying why people fail to convert their learning into effective practice.     

Aleatory Construction Based on Jamming: Stability Through Self-Confinement

The physical process of jamming could take architectural sustainability/recyclability to a whole new level. It involves achieving structural rigidity through the crowding of particles within a confined space, rather than by permanent bonding. Project Z-Form, a collaboration between a team of physicists from the JaegerLab at the University of Chicago – including PhD students Kieran Murphy and Leah Roth and professor Heinrich Jaeger – and artist Dan Peterman , sets out to develop a pourable material that not only self-supports but can also bear loads. Here they explain the project and the concepts behind it.     

From Pencils to Partners: The Next Role of Computation in Building Design

As building information modelling (BIM) software becomes ever more powerful, how will the architect's role be affected? Ian Keough and Anthony Hauck of the AEC Generative Design group at leading software corporation Autodesk present their vision. They argue that the value of building professionals' expertise in advising clients on priorities and choices has never been higher. BIM offers greater guarantees of structural integrity and constructional feasibility, and scalable cloud computing allows numerous factors to be explored simultaneously; but success is only assured if the right parameters are set.     

灰色模型在岩体线法变形测量中的应用

 线法测量是一种有效的岩体内部变形监测手段, 通过每隔一定间距设置测量标点, 能获得被监测体监测线上多处变形值。为更好地应用这些监测数据, 使该方法更好地服务于工程建设, 将灰色模型( GM) 应用到线法测量数据的分析中, 利用该测量方法的特点, 通过模型掌握被监测体内部变形分布情况并加以外延预测, 掌握监测孔(线) 穿过的关键部位的位移动态, 预测变形最大值。采用三峡工程永久船闸北坡线法变形监测资料, 对上述方法进行验证,表明这些方法合理可行。     

综合运用Surfer和MapGIS绘制水深等值线图的方法探讨

首先介绍了MapGIS和Surfer的一些基本特点及其在地质领域中的应用,进而介绍了用它们来绘制水深等值线图的步骤和方法。通过比较,得出了将两种软件结合使用,可以达到理想的效果。     

大气电场倒转与突发钠层及突发E层的相关性

突发钠层(Sporadic Sodium Layer, Na_S)是中高层大气金属层最为显著的一种现象,其发生机制目前尚无定论。突发E层(Sporadic E layer, E_S)是等离子体密度异常增大的薄层,被认为与Na_S密切相关。为进一步研究Na_S及E_S事件之间相关性及影响因素,利用中国科学院“子午工程”2010～2018年合肥科大站宽带钠荧光共振激光雷达观测结果,并结合武汉左岭镇站数字测高仪及九峰站大气电场仪数据,分析大气电场倒转(即北向电场)对Na_S以及E_S事件的影响。在统计的91例Na_S事件中,发生于大气电场倒转时的比例为20/91; 同时,在发生Na_S事件的事例中,E_S消失或中断的比例较大(14/20),表明E_S可能以提供钠源的形式转化为Na_S。此外,在分析武汉左岭镇站数字测高仪数据的同时进行概率统计,结果表明:当大气电场倒转时,E_S临界频率减小甚至消失的概率较大(187/242),少数情况下可能造成临界频率增大甚至激发E_S生成(55/242); E_S虚高消失比例为179/242,E_S不变比例为27/242,E_S上升比例为23/242。综上所述,大气北向电场在一定程度上对E_S事件的发生有抑制作用,并对E_S事件的发生高度有明显影响。最后,对一种与电场倒转相关的突发钠层机制也进行了讨论。     

三峡工程永久船闸陡高边坡岩体卸荷非线性力学分析

结合三峡工程永久船闸陡高边坡特点，将高边坡岩体简化正交异性体，在对高边坡岩体开挖卸荷非线性力学特性充分认识的基础上，提出了各向异性非线性卸荷岩体的力学分析方法－变刚度分析理论，其计算成果与现场观测成果有的一致性。对三峡工程永久船闸陡高边坡岩体开挖分析表明高边坡岩体将产生较大的变形，与以往研究成果有数量级的差别。     

基于SWMM的节制闸影响研究

针对南水北调中线长距离输水明渠,节制闸众多,难免遇到闸门启闭过程,采用SWMM模型模拟明渠在闸门启闭过程中断面各时刻的渠段内水深、流量、流速变化情况,研究了闸门不同启闭速度和闸门不同开度下断面水力参数及水面线变化规律。结果表明闸门调节速度和开度变化越快,对渠道内水位波动影响越明显,渠道响应时间会缩短。     

项目计划方法可视化研究

为提高项目管理水平,本文提出了让项目可视的计划编制方法,即利用WBS让项目任务可视,利用ADM将支撑项目任务完成的计划活动逻辑关系可视,利用甘特图让计划活动进度控制可视,利用RAM把WBS和RBS结合起来让组织责任可视。通过致力于项目计划的可视化工作,不仅强化了项目的沟通水平,而且提高了项目的工程质量。     

Prediction of recent bank retreat processes at typical sections in the Jingjiang Reach

The Jingjiang Reach is experiencing continuous channel degradation owing to operation of the Three Gorges Project(TGP)in2003.Significant retreat processes at composite riverbanks have occurred at local sites of this reach,which may influence the stability of the river regime and the effect of existing river training works.Therefore,bank retreat plays a key role in fluvial processes of the Jingjiang Reach,and it is necessary to predict the long-term processes of bank retreat at typical sections in the reach.In this study,various factors influencing bank retreat in the Jingjiang Reach are investigated,based on bank erosion processes at four sections and the corresponding flow and sediment conditions.It is discovered that fluvial erosion intensity is a dominant factor in controlling the processes of bank retreat in the reach,although other factors,such as bank soil properties,can also influence bank retreat.The bankfull width at a section with severe bank erosion since 2002 is defined as being equal to the sum of the bankfull width in 2002 and the accumulated bank retreat distance after 2002.The magnitude of the bankfull width can be expressed as an exponential function of the previous 5-year average fluvial erosion intensity during flood seasons.The accumulated distances of bank retreat at four sections over the period 2002–2012 are predicted using the proposed empirical relationships,with the calculated bank retreat processes agreeing well with observed data.