Rolling and Lifting Probabilities for Sediment Entrainment

This study addresses the rolling and lifting probabilities for sediment entrainment by incorporating the probabilistic features of the turbulent fluctuation and bed grain geometry. The lognormally distributed instantaneous velocity and uniformly distributed initial grain position, along with a relation between lift coefficient and particle Reynolds number, are used to extend the theoretical formulation of the entrainment probabilities in smooth-bed flows. The two threshold conditions identified herein enable us to precisely define the probabilities of entrainment in the rolling and lifting modes. The results obtained in this study coincide well with the published data. The lifting probability increases monotonously with the dimensionless shear stress θ, which is consistent with the earlier results yet displays improved agreement with the experimental data. The maximum value of rolling probability, with a magnitude of 0.25, occurs at θ ≈ 0.15. For θ<0.05 (or θ>0.6), the rolling (or lifting) probability makes up more than 90% of the total entrainment probability and thus can be used as an approximation to the total probability of entrainment. The proposed rolling and lifting probabilities are further linked to the two separate criteria for incipient motion to explore the critical entrainment probabilities. The results reveal that a consistent probability corresponding to the critical state of sediment entrainment cannot be found.     

2-巯基苯并噻唑衍生物摩擦学性能的研究

合成了S—(1—(2—苯并噻唑基巯基)—2—羟基)—丙基N，N—二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯和S—(1—(2—苯并噻唑基巯基)—2—乙酰基)—丙基N，N—二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯两种化合物。运用IR、MS、HNMR和元素分析等分析方法对其结构进行表征。用四球试验、HQ—l环块试验分别考察了其对润滑油的极压承载能力及抗磨减摩性能的影响。结果表明：在350SN中性油中添加所合成的化合物后可以显著降低四球长磨后磨斑直径、有效地降低摩擦副之间的摩擦系数，拥有优良的摩擦学性能。     

西门子V94.3A燃机参数偏离对机组功率和效率的影响

应用小偏差原理，求得燃气轮机机组中10个主要参数(Ck，T1，ηk,ηT,ηc,εk,ξ1,ξ2,ξ3)变化对机组出力和效率的影响系数，并以西门子V94.3A燃机为实例进行讨论。     

An Area Optimization Method for Digital Filter Design

In this paper, we propose an efficient design method for area optimization in a digital filter. The conventional methods to reduce the number of adders in a filter have the problem of a long critical path delay caused by the deep logic depth of the filter due to adder sharing. Furthermore, there is such a disadvantage that they use the transposed direct form (TDF) filter which needs more registers than those of the direct form (DF) filter. In this paper, we present a hybrid structure of a TDF and DF based on the flattened coefficients method so that it can reduce the number of flip‐flops and full‐adders without additional critical path delay. We also propose a resource sharing method and sharing‐pattern searching algorithm to reduce the number of adders without deepening the logic depth. Simulation results show that the proposed structure can save the number of adders and registers by 22 and 26%, respectively, compared to the best one used in the past.     

山西引黄工程南干线7# 隧洞衬砌外水压力研究

本文采用综合修正系数取代规范建议的单一折减系数,用渗流场分析方法确定作用在引黄入晋南干线7#隧洞衬砌上的外水压力。由己知钻孔水位及泉水位反演出各地层的渗透张量及地表入渗强度求得初始渗流场。衬砌外水压力分析中考虑了衬砌混凝土的渗透性以及排水、灌浆等工程措施的影响。根据分析结果,提出了系统排水孔布置的建议,得出了在相应的排水减压措施下衬砌厚度由原设计35cm减至25cm,这一建议已被采用,取得了巨大经济效益。     

COPART:一种面向约束条件的自适应软硬件划分算法

本文介绍一种将自适应算法、遗传算法和列表调度算法结合起来应用于软硬件划分问题的算法COPARTART，并提出了一种基于约束条件的开销系数自适应调整方法，该方法所获得的划分结果能够良好体现设计目标。     

An inverse solution methodology for estimating the diffusion coefficient of gases in Athabasca bitumen from pressure-decay data

An inverse solution methodology is developed for the estimation of diffusion coefficient of gases in highly viscous, oil-sands bitumens from isothermal, pressure-decay measurements. The approach involves modeling the rate of change in pressure using the diffusion equation for the liquid phase coupled with a mass balance equation for the gas phase. The inverse solution framework is utilized to arrive at two graphical techniques for estimating the diffusion coefficient. Both techniques involve the determination of the slope of a straight line resulting from plotting the experimental data in accordance with the developed model. An advantage of the proposed techniques is that the diffusion coefficient is estimated directly, i.e. without making it an adjustable parameter. The novelty of the proposed method is in its simplicity as well as its ability to isolate portions of the pressure-decay data affected by experimental fluctuations. The effect of the initial pressure on the predicted diffusion coefficient and pressure-decay profile was also investigated. The diffusion coefficients of CO₂, CH₄, C₂H₆ and N₂ in Athabasca bitumen at 50–90 °C and about 8 MPa were estimated and compared with literature values.     

Influence of aggregate content on the migration coefficient of concrete materials using electrochemical method

In order to investigate the effect of coarse aggregate content on the chloride ion migration coefficient of concrete, specimens with different coarse aggregate volume fractions and two water/cement (w/c) ratios of mortar matrix were used. The chloride ion migration coefficient of concrete is obtained using the electrochemical technique to accelerate chloride ion migration in cement-based material and the experimental results were plotted as a function of the fine aggregate volume fraction. The results are analyzed comparing experimental results and theoretical models that represent the concretes as three-phase composite materials. The three phases are the mortar matrix, the coarse aggregate, and the interfacial transition zone between the two. The chloride ion migration coefficient is used to assess the dilution, tortuosity, interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and, percolation effects of coarse aggregate in concrete. It appears that the dilution and tortuosity effects are a dominant factor affecting the chloride ion migration coefficient of concrete in the low volume fraction of coarse aggregate. As the volume fraction of coarse aggregate increases to 40 and 20% in concrete of w/c ratio 0.35 and 0.45, respectively, the ITZ with percolation effects are significantly.     

Copper(II) removal from aqueous solutions by fly ash

The removal of Cu(II) by adsorption on fly ash has been found to be concentration, pH and temperature dependent. The kinetics of adsorption indicates the process to be diffusion controlled. The Langmuir constants have been calculated at different temperatures, and the adsorption has been found to be endothermic (ΔH = 15.652 kcal mol^?1). The maximum removal is observed at pH 8.0, and variation in adsorption with pH has been explained on the basis of surface ionisation and complexation.     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION CHARACTERISTICS OF TIDAL RIVERS

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