基于字素分割的蒙古文手写识别研究

隐马尔科夫模型(HMM)对序列数据有很强的建模能力,在语音和手写识别中都得到了广泛的应用。利用HMM研究蒙古文手写识别,首先需要解决的问题是手写文字的序列化。从蒙古文的构词和书写特点看,蒙古文由多个字素从上到下串联构成。选择字素集合和词的字素分割是手写识别的基础,也是影响识别效果的关键因素。该文根据蒙古文音节和编码知识确定了蒙古文字母集合,共包括1 171个字母。通过相关性处理、HMM排序筛选等手段得到长字素集合,共包括378个字素。对长字素经过人工分解,获得了50个短字素。最后利用两层映射给出了词转字素序列的算法。为了验证长短字素在手写识别中的效果,我们在HTK(hidden Markov model toolkit)环境下利用小规模字库实现了手写识别系统,实验结果表明短字素比长字素有更好的性能。文中给出的字素集合和词转字素序列的算法为后续基于HMM的蒙古文手写识别研究奠定了基础。     

AutoCAD环境下快速裁剪算法的研究

该文提出了一种基于ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ命令的快速裁剪算法。它首先搜索给定用于裁剪的任意形状内外轮廓的外内接多边形,然后使用ＴＲＩＭ和ＥＲＡＳＥ命令实现裁剪运算。     

Charge exchange and the “Plateau” effect in YBa2Cu3O7?y

The superconducting properties of YBa₂Cu₃O_7- y, (YBCO) depend strongly on the oxygen content, whereas the transition temperatureT _cremains relatively constant for oxygen content between 6.8 and 7.0 (the Plateau effect) this effect has attracted considerable attention [see, e.g., D. de Fontaineet al., Nature (London) 343, 544 (1990); H. Paulsenet al., Nature (London) 349, 594 (1991); J. Jorgensen,Phys. Today 44, No. 6, 34 (1991)]. In this letter we introduce a microscopic theory of this phenomenon.     

引黄灌区跨地区水权转让补偿 标准的研究

针对黄河流域引黄灌区的跨地区水权转让补偿标准的定量问题,探讨了转让费用构成中的农业风险补偿、生态补偿、水管单位补偿的含义和计算方法,并以内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市引黄灌区的水权转让一期项目为实例,通过计算得出3项补偿费用为889.92万元/年,在25年水权转让期内应付出的补偿费用为22 248万元,水的转让价格平均增加补偿费用为3.45元/m3。对黄河流域水权转让费用构成中的补偿费用进行准确的定量计算,将会进一步推动水权转让更加科学合理的实施,并为引黄灌区的健康持续发展奠定基础。     

黄土高原土壤侵蚀规律研究方向与途径

从黄土高原水土保持生态建设和黄河治理开发重大实践的需求出发,回顾了我国关于黄土高原土壤侵蚀规律研究的主要进展,分析了存在的问题,论述了深化黄土高原土壤侵蚀规律研究的重大需求,就黄土高原土壤侵蚀规律的研究方法与途径、研究方向与内容提出建议,认为应加强以下几方面的研究:重力侵蚀规律、不同治理措施配置下坡面-沟道系统侵蚀产沙耦合关系及泥沙输移规律、植被措施作用下的水文效应和产流机制、土壤侵蚀产沙发生发展过程尺度转换、黄土高原水土流失模拟理论与技术等;研究途径包括建设黄土高原土壤侵蚀试验观测体系、运用土壤侵蚀模型模拟与反演技术等。     

黄河内蒙古河段冰凌时空分布特性分析

基于黄河内蒙古段系列历史冰情资料,利用小波分析方法对冰期气温、冰期径流、流凌日期、封河日期、开河日期进行了多时间尺度分析。结果表明:巴彦高勒、三湖河口、头道拐三站的冰期气温总体呈上升的变化规律,并且三站的冰期气温变化趋势一致,黄河内蒙古段冰期气温存在15 a左右的周期;实测径流在分析序列中不存在显著周期;三站流凌日期和封河日期整体上推迟,开河日期提前,封冻时间缩短;流凌日期存在12 a左右的周期,封河日期和开河日期不存在显著强周期。     

黄河内蒙古段冰情的自适应神经网络预报

运用数理统计理论的互相关分析方法,对黄河内蒙古段冰情信息时间序列进行分析,筛选出了冰情信息的预报因子,建立了冰情预报的自适应BP神经网络模型。预报结果表明:流凌日期为乙等预报方案,封河日期为甲等预报方案,开河日期为丙等预报方案。     

蒙药阿嘎日-35中多元素的测定——微波消解/等离子体发射光谱法

采用微波消解-ICP-AES法测定了蒙古药-阿嘎日-35中的Fe,Cu,Cd,Ca,Mg,Mn,Zn,Sr,Co,Ni,Cr等金属元素的含量。实验结果表明,微波消解法快速、高效、节约试剂,并在高压密封系统中进行消解,避免了样品的污染,过程易于控制,消解效率高。微波消解/等离子体发射光谱法测定的结果,回收率为98.5%~105.1%,RSD为0.4%~2.3%。蒙古药-阿嘎日-35中含多种金属元素,尤其Ca,Mg,Sr,Fe,Zn的含量较高。     

Study on thermal infrared remote sensing of Yarlung Zangbo River and Bangong Co-Nujiang River suture belt in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The area change of heat abnormity is not in accordance with conclusions of former thermal infrared remote sensing studies of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which were that the temperature of Yarlung Zangbo River suture belt of the southern Plateau is high and the northern temperature is low. The study result in this paper shows that the highest temperature is found in the Bangong Co-Nujiang River suture belt, the Yarlung Zangbo River suture belt temperature is the second highest, and the northern Tibet temperature is the lowest. The study demonstration area was the suture belt areas of the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Bangong Co-Nujiang River in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where the land temperature of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the bore temperature of field land surface were measured and the emissivity of land surface was calculated. In addition, the authors explore the mechanism of the relationship between thermal infrared remote sensing and constructing thermodynamics and reach four new conclusions about the thermodynamics of the Tibet Plateau.     

Response of seasonal vegetation development to climatic variations in eastern central Asia

Meteorological records show that central Asia has experienced one of the strongest warming signals in the world over the last 30 years. The objective of this study was to examine the seasonal vegetation response to the recent climatic variation on the Mongolian steppes, the third largest grassland in the world. The onset date of green-up for central Asia was estimated using time-series analysis of advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) biweekly composite data collected between January 1982 and December 1991. Monthly precipitation and mean temperature data (1982-1990) were acquired from 19 meteorological stations throughout the grasslands of the eastern Mongolian steppes in China. Our results showed that while the taiga forest north of the Mongolian steppes (>50°N) experienced an earlier onset of green-up during the study period, a later onset was observed at the eastern and northern edges of the Gobi Desert (40°N-50°N). Responses of different vegetation types to climatic variability appeared to vary with vegetation characteristics and spring soil moisture availability of specific sites. Plant stress caused by drought was the most significant contributor to later vegetation green-up as observed from satellite imagery over the desert steppe. Areas with greater seasonal soil moisture greened up earlier in the growing season. Our results suggested that water budget limitations determine the pattern of vegetation responses to atmospheric warming.