禹门口灌区灌溉效益和影响分析

禹门口灌区设计总灌溉面积3．33万hm^2,属于大（Ⅱ）型续建配套灌区。续建配套和节水改造项目的实施使项目受益区内综合效益提高显著,在当地社会产生了积极的社会影响。     

新时期汾河灌区可持续发展的思考

汾河灌区在山西省农业和社会经济发展中具有重要的地位,文中分析灌区水资源、骨干水利工程状况、末级渠系管理与建设、信息化发展以及生态环境方面存在的问题,结合水利现代化的要求提出相应对策,阐述了通过调蓄塘库群系统建设、节水改造和续建配套工程、末级渠系改造、灌区公用信息平台开发以及创新农户参与灌溉管理组织形式等途径可实现汾河灌区的可持续发展。     

生态脆弱地区适宜节水强度研究

选择宁夏青铜峡引黄灌区为研究对象,根据确保既不发生盐渍化也不发生荒漠化控制地下水埋深的原则,运用MODFLOW软件,构建了研究区的地下水数值模拟模型.采用情景分析方法,在模拟9种节水灌溉方案地下水埋深的生态适宜性基础上,给出了研究区适宜节水强度推荐方案.推荐方案对应的节水规模为全年引黄水量44.71亿m3,与2000年的60.29亿m3引水量相比,节水强度达到了25.8%,此为该灌区的适宜节水强度.     

Development of a tube-type solar still equipped with heat accumulation for irrigation

A tube-type solar still is found to be suitable for use in desert irrigation. The effectiveness of a heat accumulator with regard to distillate productivity is experimentally and numerically verified. The heat accumulator consists of tube bundles immersed in wax in order to utilize the latent heat of wax. The dynamic response to stepwise variation of irradiative intensity verified the contribution of wax to an increase of productivity only when the phase change of wax occurred. The effective distillate productivity was found to be 294.3 g/m² during the cyclic stepwise change of irradiative intensity, from 200 to 600 W/m² and back. Velocity vectors driven by natural convection and temperature contours estimated by numerical simulation verified the effectiveness of the heat accumulator especially after peak solar intensity. The latent heat of wax effectively contributed to a 15% increase in total distillate productivity per day. The still can feasibly meet irrigation water supply demands above an irrigative threshold of 17 MJ/m² d.     

青铜峡灌区引黄用水与地下水位响应关系分析

分析青铜峡灌区引黄用水与地下水位响应关系,对于查明影响地下水位变化的关键因子并采取措施,缓解土壤盐碱化对农业生产的影响,维持灌区可持续发展及灌区生态健康和环境友好至关重要。本文通过分析灌区地下水位动态变化及与引黄用水的响应关系,得出青铜峡灌区年内地下水埋深与引黄水量存在着密切的负相关关系,说明灌区引黄水量变化是地下水位变化的主要原因之一。     

论山东省农业高效用水与可持续发展

根据山东省水资源现状、受害成灾面积、黄河来水变化及全省工农业发展的目标,按目前供水量,一般情况下,2000年缺水120亿m     

Comparative Assessment of New Design Criteria for Irrigation Improvement in Egypt

The Egyptian Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI) has expressed concern about the current high cost of the Irrigation Improvement Project (IIP) implemented in the “old lands” of the lower reaches of the Nile River. Because the IIP is financed through fees paid by the direct beneficiaries of the project, i.e., irrigation water users, these same Egyptian agricultural producers are especially sensitive to the higher than expected costs that the project has incurred to date. The objective of the current study is to evaluate whether this cost reduction is associated with any deficiency in irrigation performance. This Monitoring and Evaluation (M&;E) study aims to answer questions such as: Does reducing pump capacity and increased pump operation affect the farmers negatively? And, does the use of electricity instead of diesel fuel affect the farmers positively? Six indicators were used to compare new design criteria in the W10 and the IIP1 irrigation system designs, water savings, irrigation cost, irrigation time, night irrigation, and land savings. The W10 project design achieved the minimum actual operating cost per unit of area and per unit of water compared to the IIP1 project design on both Meet Yazied and El-Mesk Canals. The total cost per unit of area in the W10 project design is lower than IIP1 by 19.33% and 24.92% on the Meet Yazied and El-Mesk Canals, respectively. The total cost per unit of water in the W10 design is also lower than IIP1 on the Meet Yazied and El-Mesk Canals. Average irrigation time for rice and cotton crops cultivated in the W10 area are higher than average irrigation time for these crops cultivated in the IIP1 area for all locations on the Mesqa (head, middle and tail), because of increased pump operation in the W10 area (16 to 20 h d^???1). The number of irrigation events at the head of the Sefsafa Canal in the W10 area is higher than on the Meet Yazied and El-Mesk Canals in the IIP1 areas because of the increased pump operation in the W10 area.     

Spatial Analysis of Water Use in Oregon, USA, 1985–2005

Water use patterns are not distributed evenly over space and time. Determining the amount of water used within a region, as well as the various ways in which water is used is important for making adequate and sustainable water management policies and determining future water availability. We examined differences in spatial trends in Oregon freshwater use (total, municipal, and agricultural water withdrawals), by county, between the years 1985 and 2005. We also explored biophysical and socioeconomic factors that explain spatial patterns using Moran’s I, local index of spatial autocorrelation (LISA), and spatial regression models. There was a moderate positive spatial autocorrelation among counties that had similar total and irrigation withdrawals. LISA analysis identified hot spots between certain arid agricultural counties in the southeastern Oregon and cold spots between certain humid northwestern counties, including within the Portland metro area. Annual precipitation and income are negatively associated with total water withdrawals. Summer temperature and farm size is positively associated with irrigation water withdrawals, while net cash return and income are negatively associated with irrigation water withdrawals. When compared to ordinary least square regression models, spatial error models that take into account spatial dependence provide a more comprehensive explanation of the variations of water use, suggesting that water resource planning and management should incorporate spatial and neighborhood effects to effective manage limited natural resources.     

哈尼梯田灌区生态需水评价

针对云南省元阳县哈尼梯田灌区特点与实际情况,选用层次分析法和数据包络分析法,综合考虑自然、社会、水资源、生态环境等方面因素,建立生态需水评价模型,对灌区2000年和2005年的生态需水状况进行对比分析。结果表明,生物丰度指数、径流系数、植被覆盖指数、干旱指数4个指标为影响生态需水的重要指标,灌区2005年的生态需水状况比2000年有所改善,与灌区实际情况基本相符。     

黄河三角州典型灌区泥沙资源优化配置的原则与方法

采用实测资料分析与理论探讨相结合的方法,对小开河灌区泥沙资源优化配置的原则与方法进行了深入的分析和评价,研究结果表明,小开河灌区泥沙处理应转变观念,结合灌区的实际情况,注重泥沙的合理性和有效性,因地制宜的处理引黄泥沙。小开河灌区泥沙资源优化配置的方法：①浑水灌溉、输沙入田;②以挖待沉,整理开发土地资源;③利用引黄泥沙生产建筑材料。