Optimal irrigation planning in river basin development: The case of the Upper Cauvery river basin

The study deals with the irrigation planning of the Cauvery river basin in peninsular India which is extensively developed in the downstream reaches and has a high potential for development in the upper reaches. A four-reservoir system is modelled on a monthly basis by using a mathematical programming (LP) formulation to find optimum cropping patterns, subject to land, water and downstream release constraints, and applied to the Cauvery basin. Two objectives, maximizing net economic benefits and maximizing irrigated cropped area, considered in the model are analysed in the context of multiobjective planning and the trade-offs discussed.     

山西省大中型灌区节水改造途径

本文根据目前我省大中型灌区存在问题，分析了灌区节水改造的必要性，阐述了灌区节水改造的指导思想、节水改造途径和节水改造的标准。     

沈抚污水灌区石油烃对土壤及水稻的影响

本文通过对沈抚灌区土壤及水稻的采样分析,同时结合水稻盆栽试验,分析测定了污灌区土壤中石油烃的残留及其对水稻生长的影响。结果表明土壤中石油烃含量同污灌年限、物理性粘粒含量及土壤质地等有着一定的相关关系,土壤中石油烃含量越高对水稻生长发育的影响越大。     

Effects of an Irrigation Project in Prevention of Migration from Rural Areas

The effects of an irrigation project on rural migration were investigated by applying questionnaires to the residences living around the reservoir. Relationships between the migration idea and education level, age, extent of cultivated and owned area of each of family heads have also been examined. It was determined that irrigation projects affected rural development through in many ways, such as improvement of agricultural productivity, increase of activities on farm and alteration of human–land relationships, but still many local people living rural areas preferred to leave their villages in order to settle in big cities. Most of the farmers found the urban centers more attractive with the though of having opportunity for a better chance for education, employment, housing etc. without paying attention the employment. It has been found that migration idea was not depending on the extent of cultivated area and education level of the family heads. However, age and amount of farmland played very significant (p < 0.01) role in rural migration.     

旋塞式双定量杯灌装机的设计研究

针对现有单定量杯灌装机的不足，从原理及应用上进行分析研究。研究结果表明，文中研究的旋塞式定量杯灌装机，与单定量杯灌装机相比，可提高效率和便于自动化灌装作业。它对改进现有灌装机和设计新型灌装机具有很好的实际意义。     

Water Conservation in Oman

ABSTRACT

Limited resources and growing needs for water have triggered a nationwide campaign for water conservation in the Sultanate of Oman. A land and soil survey study of Oman shows the availability of more arable land than present water resources could support. Groundwater is the main source for agricultural production. Overpumping at rates higher than the natural recharge has resulted in lowering of the ground water table, while seawater intrusion has led to an increase in soil salinity. A comprehensive water program is underway to: (1) conserve water through efficent irrigation, use of soil additives, modern irrigation systems, agronomic management, and institutionalization; and (2) augmentation of resources via introduction of more desalinization plants, more waste water treatment, use of brackish water; water fog collection, and water harvesting by building recharge dams.     

“巨峰”葡萄避雨栽培模式下的灌水定额研究

根据江西省鹰潭市月湖区的自然环境条件及实际生产情况,在小英葡萄发展有限公司小英葡萄种植基地应用了微喷灌和滴灌相结合的灌水方式对葡萄园进行灌溉,通过现场安装计量水表记录葡萄避雨栽培模式下采用微喷灌和滴灌相结合的灌溉用水量,研究确定葡萄在避雨栽培模式下的灌水定额.     

我国灌区建设及管理技术发展成就与展望

新中国成立70年来,我国灌区建设与管理取得了举世瞩目的成就,农田灌溉面积由1949年的1593万hm2发展到2016年的6714万hm2,位列世界第一,保障了我国粮食安全供给和社会经济发展。我国灌区建设与管理已经历了三个大的发展阶段,依靠科技进步解决了发展过程中出现的各种问题,使我国灌区建设与管理水平逐步得以提升。今后的30年将是我国实现灌区现代化的时期。本文较系统介绍了我国灌区发展概况、灌区建设与管理技术进展和成就、灌区面临的主要问题和挑战、以及灌区现代化发展展望。     

河套灌区地下水埋深时空变异特征及其影响因素

选择内蒙河套灌区义长灌域作为研究区,利用研究区67眼监测井的地下水埋深资料,采用传统统计学、地统计学和灰色关联分析法,对灌域1990-2015年地下水埋深的时空变异性及其主控因素进行了分析,结果表明:(1)义长灌域26a来潜水位下降近0.4m,平均下降速率1.6cm/a;(2)义长灌域26a地下水埋深的最优变异函数有高斯、指数和球状模型,以高斯模型为主,区域地下水埋深具有较强的空间相关性,变程多在5～7km;(3)空间插值结果表明,不同时期地下水埋深的空间分布存在一定的差异性,但总体上以1.5～2.5m范围为主,平均占比60%;(4)根据灰色关联分析法和偏相关分析,发现蒸发量和地下水补给量是义长灌域地下水埋深的主要驱动因素。     

滹沱河灌区水资源利用对策研究

通过调查研究,总结了滹沱河灌区水资源利用存在的问题:水资源利用率和灌溉保证率低、水的利用系数低、灌区内水资源管理不协调、流域水资源管理混乱等。经过分析论证,建议采取实现现有水源工程的高效利用、加快灌区的续建配套与节水改造步伐、提升水工程调配水平、强化基层水利工作、实行水资源的统一调配、积极调整农业生产结构等对策。研究成果为灌区水资源管理利用提供参考。