膜下滴灌技术在吉林省的应用研究

膜下滴灌技术是近年来在干旱和半干旱地区广泛应用的一项技术,从吉林省西部近年来的应用推广情况来看,其在节水、改善生态环境和粮食增产等方面效果显著,并显现出对不同区域、不同作物品种的效益机制的反应各有所不同。因此,本文仅基于玉米在膜下滴灌条件下的不同给水条件的生长变化机制研究成果,对原有灌溉制度的相关参数,如灌水次数、灌水强度、灌水时间等进行适应性修正。提出了基于在膜下滴灌条件下,通过调亏灌溉密植补偿效应提高单位产能的灌水机制。结果表明,结合调亏灌溉技术可改变作物的生殖生长特征,提高作物品质和土地容量,实现增产增收。     

Microirrigation Lateral Design using Lateral Discharge Equation

A simple and accurate method is developed for designing single, paired, and tapered microirrigation laterals. The hydraulics of the lateral is evaluated using a lateral discharge equation approach. A simple power equation is used to express the relationship between the inlet flow rate and inlet pressure head of the lateral. Keeping the flow variation within the specified limit, a procedure for designing the length of the tapered section is developed. The lateral is designed using a step-by-step method. The length of the tapered section is determined by the golden section search method.     

皂河灌区可持续发展能力建设探索与实践

根据可持续发展理论并借鉴现代企业核心能力理念,阐明了灌区持续发展能力的内涵,对灌区工程配套建设及现代化调控能力、市场化运转及协调能力、机制创新及规范化运作能力和以人为本的灌区服务能力进行了系统分析。结合皂河灌区实践探讨了灌区持续发展能力建设的途径,科学评价了灌区能力建设的效果。对促进大型灌区科学、高效管理体制和良性运行机制的建立,提高大型灌区的可持续发展水平,具有重要的示范和推广作用。     

The demand for energy for irrigation in the USA

There seems to be some question concerning the relationship between irrigation and the price of energy. Did changes in the price of energy actually impact irrigation in the USA? Additionally, the substitution between alternative types of energy seems to be a possibility for irrigation. Whether in fact it occurred is another matter. In this study, an appropriate model is developed and estimated to address the issues. The specific energy types considered include motor gasoline, diesel fuel, liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas and electrical energy. The results for 1978 and for 1980 clearly indicate that energy use for irrigation is responsive to the price of energy. Additionally, some substitution between energy types took place during this period. Finally, when the question of the stability of the demand for the various energy types is addressed, the suggestion is that the demand for the energy types considered was stable for the 1978 and 1980 periods.     

渗灌专用打孔器的研制

渗灌专用打孔器是针对渗灌的关键技术问题即堵塞问题和均匀度问题而研制的一种专用打孔器，采用这种打孔器打孔可以去掉孔中的塑料圆柱体，成孔规则、均匀、无毛刺，不会形成塑料体回缩，对于延缓堵塞和提高灌水均匀度具有很大的促进作用。     

对集雨灌溉工程中若干问题的认识

一个开发雨水资源，发展集雨灌溉的农田水利热潮正在形成和展开，为使其健康发展，就集雨灌溉工程中的降雨设计标准、集雨场类型与大小、旱井容积与深度、沉淀池、灌溉、发展速度等问题的认识提出供借鉴与探讨。     

汾河二坝灌区引洪灌溉分析

本文对汾河二坝灌区作物生长缺水现状和二坝水文站以上可利用的洪水资源进行了统计。认为二坝以上每年来洪是解决灌区农作物受旱的水源之一。调查分析了灌区历年来的引洪量、引洪特点、经验和教训。对今后引洪中可能存在的问题及其它工程进行了分析并提出了建议。     

Chi river basin irrigation demand model

The calculation of irrigation demands and return flows is an essential component of the Chi Basin (Northeast Thailand) simulation model. The irrigation demand model is based on a simple field water balance so does not use the concept of effective rainfall. The paper describes the structure of the model. A sensitivity analysis on the model output is described.     

GIS支持下的江西省农田节水灌溉系统研究

以GIS技术支持下的江西省农田节水灌溉系统为研究对象,阐述了系统研究的主要内容、方法和技术框架,并对GIS技术在节水灌溉中应用的特点及优势进行了分析。     

河南省白沙灌区信息化建设

河南省白沙灌区信息化建设起步较早,近年来,开展了灌区管理信息化技术研究,提高了灌区的管理水平和效率。白沙灌区管理信息系统融合属性数据和空间数据,实现了对灌区的基本情况、统计资料、空间信息、相关报表的查询和分析,做到了地理信息与数据库信息的关联查询。该系统充分利用现代信息技术、计算机技术、地理信息技术,已为灌区管理部门提供了科学的决策依据。