地下水升降分析的灰岩地区生态环境问题

土洞、天坑等岩溶塌陷的发生越来越频繁,严重威胁人民群众的生命财产安全。文中从灰岩地区发生岩溶塌陷的主要诱因地下水水位升降的角度入手,分析导致岩溶塌陷进而破坏生态环境的原理,并针对基于这种诱因的岩溶塌陷的发生原理提出相应建议。     

岩溶裂隙产状对帷幕注浆施工及堵水的影响

以南李庄铁矿帷幕注浆工程为例,通过对钻探岩芯裂隙发育的统计整理,分析了水平、斜向和垂向3种裂隙产状对注浆扩散效果的影响,同时结合矿区构造发育特征,评价了帷幕线与裂隙之间组合形式对注浆施工及工程质量的影响,为类似工程的设计施工及堵水效果评价提供依据。     

广西岩溶石山区水文水井钻探施工难点及其技术对策

结合广西岩溶石山区水文水井钻探中存在的问题,提出适合于广西岩溶石山区水文水井钻探施工的新方法与工艺技术措施,对钻探系统的配置、钻具的组合配套、分层钻进技术、钻进工艺和规程参数、操作要点等方面进行阐述。     

宜万铁路马鹿箐隧道高压富水岩溶治理技术

岩溶灾害严重危及隧道施工的安全,影响施工的进度,是目前国内外隧道建设面临的重点和难点问题。首先对马鹿箐隧道历次涌突水特征进行了分析,主要阐述了超前地质预报技术、水文观测、反坡追排水清淤技术和泄水释能工法等技术在＋978溶腔的岩溶水处治中的应用,最后对溶腔揭示后隧道跨越溶腔段的工程处治措施进行了详细介绍。马鹿箐岩溶隧道成功的施工经验,为今后类似隧道工程中大体量高压富水隐伏岩溶问题的处理提供参考和借鉴。     

塔河油田奥陶系油田水同位素特征及地质意义

塔河油田奥陶系地层水的δD(SMOW)分布于-44.7‰~-61.0‰,表明为古大气降水和原生沉积水的混合水,并以古大气水为主。根据油田水的高压物性参数、HCO₃^-离子碳同位素、锶同位素⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值等的横向变化规律,大致判断出塔里木盆地阿克库勒凸起古大气水的优势流动方向为从阿克库勒凸起的东北构造高地向鼻凸倾伏的西南方向流动,并且在此流动过程中由构造轴部向两翼分流,通过对断裂、裂隙等薄弱带的不断溶蚀扩大,最终形成塔河油田奥陶系复杂的碳酸盐岩岩溶缝洞系统,为油气聚集成藏提供了有效的储集空间。因此,古大气水流动的方向对岩溶缝洞系统的分布以及缝洞单元的连通性具有重要的控制作用。     

索风营水电站库区左岸河间地块喀斯特渗漏勘察技术

喀斯特渗漏勘察是喀斯特地区水利水电工程建设项目勘测设计的重要内容,成果评价将对工程产生重大影响甚至制约到工程成立与否.文中以索风营水电站水库左岸河间地块的喀斯特水文地质勘察为实例,对有关勘察工作的技术路线、勘察技术、喀斯特水库渗漏评价方法及处理思路作相应的探讨.     

灵芝高静水压诱变及其漆酶发酵的研究

研究了高静水压处理对灵芝生长及其产漆酶的影响,实验压力为0.1￣400MPa,保压时间为15￣60min。实验结果表明,灵芝致死率随处理压力的增大而增加,在150MPa下处理30min获得了一株生物量和漆酶产量都大幅增加的突变株G1502,其最大生物量及酶活分别比出发菌株提高了19.3%和283%,发酵时间也缩短了1d。     

Spatial and temporal variations of niphargus populations in interstitial aquatic habitat at the karst/floodplain interface

Artificial substrates buried in stream sediments at the karst/floodplain interface were used to examine the spatial and temporal variations of Niphargus populations. The study was carried out at two stations in two different areas of the French Jura. One was mainly supplied by karst water (Verna station), the other by both karst and surface waters (Pissoir station). The occupation of interstitial habitat was found to depend on several interacting factors:

• 1 The waterflow and its changes at the outlet. The correlation between abundance of individuals and discharge was strongest with the discharges two to four days before sampling. The structure and restoration of populations after a spate related to geological characteristics. In particular, restoration was slower and more difficult in the sediments located at the base-level of a massif (Verna) than at an overflow level (Pissoir).
• 2 The location of the sediments. At the Pissoir station, the number of individuals was higher at the main outflow, but also for both stations, on the banks opposite the outlet. Animals drifting from the karst system found refuge in the sediment of the opposite bank. Almost no Niphargus were found upstream from the outlets. At the Verna station, Niphargus were only found inside the cave.
• 3 The variability of the number of animals at different depths in the sediment was more difficult to explain. At the station mainly supplied by karst water, which presented a relatively constant flow during the study, the distribution seemed to be random. At the other station, where discharge varied considerably, the vertical distribution globally presented a gradient in abundance with more individuals in the upper sediment level. This gradient varied according to the samples. Discharge changes partly explained these results.

     

某赤泥堆场岩溶防渗治理研究

中铝贵州分公司赤泥堆场碱水外渗针对性地进行岩溶防渗治理研究,开创了在岩溶发育地区强碱水溶液渗漏环境中采用普通硅酸盐水泥高压帷幕灌浆的成功典范,值得类似工程推广和应用。     

四川盆地中二叠统储层特征与勘探方向

近年来,四川盆地中二叠统天然气勘探取得了可喜的进展,多口井在中二叠统茅口组、栖霞组白云岩孔隙型储层段钻获高产工业气流,中二叠统成为该盆地现阶段最现实的接替层系之一。为明确下一步的勘探方向,分析了四川盆地中二叠统的沉积背景和有利储层类型。结果表明：沉积环境主要为开阔台地浅水碳酸盐岩沉积环境;沉积时,古地貌西高东低,中西部生屑滩相储层较东部更为发育;地壳拉张使得中二叠统具备热水沉积、热液改造的良好条件;对勘探有利的3种储层类型为栖霞组滩相白云岩孔隙型储层、茅口组热水白云岩孔隙型储层和茅口组岩溶储层,其中白云岩孔隙型储层是中二叠统最有前景的勘探目标。结论认为：①川西北部—川中地区中二叠统灰质烃源岩生烃强度大,具有形成大中型气田的物质基础;②川西地区栖霞组白云岩储层较厚,是中二叠统天然气勘探的最有利地区;③上述3种储层类型均发育的地区主要分布在川中地区,其3套储层纵向上叠置,勘探潜力大;④剑阁—南充—丰都地区位于热次盆区带,其茅口组热水白云岩储层发育且叠加茅口组岩溶储层,天然气勘探前景好。