四川盆地下二叠统,上三叠统水动力场与天然气保存

下二叠统和上三叠统储集层是四川盆地油气主力产层。在对其水动力场控制因素分析研究的基础上，对实测地层压力资料进行数据处理，分别建立了Ｐ１和Ｔ３地层压力预测模型。地层埋深，孔隙度，构造抬升率和褶皱强度等为现今水动力场的主要控制因素，其中地层埋深对地层压力的影响最大。     

柴达木盆地西部大风山地区古近系下干柴沟组下段物源方向研究

目前普遍认为柴达木盆地西部大风山地区古近系下干柴沟组下段(E13)只发育向西南方向流动的牛鼻子梁物源所形成的冲积扇-河流-辫状河三角洲-湖泊沉积体系,对于物源方向的这种认识难以解释以下事实:第一,风2井在E31发育厚层辫状水道砂岩,而位于上倾方向碱1井的对应层位则发育薄、中厚层河口砂坝砂和分流水道砂;第二,在E13沉积时,牛鼻子梁地区是阿尔金山向东南方向延伸的古鼻梁,该古鼻梁是牛鼻子梁以北地区物源向西南方向流动的屏障;第三,牛参1井位于长期继承性发育的一里坪凹陷的西北边缘,大风山地区的古地貌要高于一里坪凹陷;第四,坪东F1断层与坪东F2断层所夹持的区域在E31时是一个继承性发育的小型断陷。在综合研究该地区的钻井、测井、二维地震资料和古地理背景的基础上,首次提出在E13沉积时,大风山地区的物源来自红三旱一号以北地区,而一里坪坳陷是牛鼻子梁物源汇聚区的新认识。这一新认识对于重新认识大风山地区的沉积体系及寻找优质有效碎屑岩储层具有重要的勘探实践意义。     

一种新的TOC含量拟合方法研究与应用

由于取样的限制,通常在烃源岩评价中往往只能获得十分有限的实测烃源岩的TOC含量数据。但随着我国多数盆地精细勘探的深入,需要更加精细的烃源岩评价,因此,人们对测井数据拟合烃源岩的TOC含量变化越来越重视。目前该技术最先进的是人工神经网络拟合方法,但多种神经网络在拟合高成熟度碳酸盐岩烃源岩地层的TOC含量时相关性均不够高。针对研究区内烃源岩的特点,尝试了一种用图版分类-模糊排队-BP神经网络联合拟合TOC含量的新方法。利用该方法对鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组的测井资料和实测总有机碳资料进行数据处理,将结果与ΔlogR方法、模糊神经网络方法的结果相比较,证实该方法的结果与实测值有更好的相关性,为系统了解鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界烃源岩发育提供了一定的科学依据。     

油井流入动态方程理论研究及应用

通过对K_roB_oμ_o,函数形态的分析,确立了其与压力的一般性函数关系式,并由此得到了饱和油藏和未饱和油藏的油井流入动态方程及其通式。这些方程在一定条件下,不仅可转化为经典的Vogel方程和Fetkovich方程,而且也可转化为推广的Vogel方程,因此很具理论性和通用性。经实际油田应用,效果很好,值得推广。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤层气控制因素探讨

根据煤层气含量，鄂尔多斯盆地东缘可划分为北部低含气量区，中部高含气量区和南部中含气量区。影响煤层气含 的主要地质因素为煤层埋藏深度，煤的变质程度、地质构造、煤层厚度，顶底板岩性及岩浆活动等。中部高含气量区是最有利的煤层气勘探目标区。     

Ecological effects of river regulation on mammals and birds: A review

Although most of the world's river systems are regulated, the effects of river regulation on mammals and birds are little known. In fact, speculations are more common than empirical data. A review of this topic is presented, emphasizing northern rivers where most impacts have been described. Effects are related to the major causes of change. It is concluded that the two most disastrous effects of river regulation on mammals and birds are the permanent inundation of vast areas of land, and the disruption of the seasonal flood regime along the river. The design of future investigations to improve our knowledge is considered.     

Water governance and scalar politics across multiple-boundary river basins: states,catchments and regional powers in the Iberian Peninsula

Karezes (qanats), historically vital sources of water for multiple uses in the driest parts of the world, have been deteriorating over the past five decades. This paper provides a review of the global literature on the status and potential of karezes, and offers country case studies for Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It offers syntheses of key issues, lessons, options and proposed interventions for re-vitalizing the karez systems. The paper identifies criteria for prioritizing karez systems for rehabilitation and outlines key conditions for their effective functioning and sustainability. The paper suggests that the benefits of restoring karez systems to local communities are large and some systems, such as the Ain Zubaida in the Makkah Al-Mukaramah Region, are of global importance.     

青东凹陷油气资源潜力

青东凹陷是济阳坳陷的一个次级的构造单元,位于渤海浅水海域。该凹陷主力油源层埋藏浅,成熟度低,人们对其勘探潜力认识不足。文章对青东凹陷石油基础地质条件进行了综合分析,认为其深洼区烃源岩已经成熟;并提出凹陷构造运动微弱,保存条件较好,以及油气近距离成藏等新认识;经研究认为有利勘探区域为靠近生油中心的各类构造和地层 圈闭。     

莺-琼盆地纵横波速度特征与AVO响应特征的关系研究

在莺-琼盆地,气层表现出了多种多样的AVO特征,有的为"Ⅲ"类,有的为"Ⅳ"类或"Ⅱ"类,有的偏离背景,有的与背景一致,这些复杂多样的AVO特征为应用AVO技术进行流体检测带来了较大的困难.为此,本文对近百口已钻井储层的AVO特征与纵、横波速度特征的关系进行了研究,并对产生这种关系的原因进行了详细分析,结果表明储层的纵...     

Accounting for surface–groundwater interactions and their uncertainty in river and groundwater models: A case study in the Namoi River,Australia

Surface–groundwater (SW–GW) interactions constitute a critical proportion of the surface and groundwater balance especially during dry conditions. Conjunctive management of surface and groundwater requires an explicit account of the exchange flux between surface and groundwater when modelling the two systems. This paper presents a case study in the predominantly gaining Boggabri–Narrabri reach of the Namoi River located in eastern Australia. The first component of the study uses the Upper Namoi numerical groundwater model to demonstrate the importance of incorporating SW–GW interactions into river management models. The second component demonstrates the advantages of incorporating groundwater processes in the Namoi River model.Results of the numerical groundwater modelling component highlighted the contrasting groundwater dynamics close to, and away from the Namoi River where lower declines were noted in a near-field well due to water replenishment sourced from river depletion. The contribution of pumping activities to river depletion was highlighted in the results of the uncertainty analysis, which showed that the SW–GW exchange flux is the most sensitive to pumping rate during dry conditions. The uncertainty analysis also showed that after a drought period, the 95% prediction interval becomes larger than the simulated flux, which implies an increasing probability of losing river conditions. The future prospect of a gaining Boggabri–Narrabri reach turning into losing was confirmed with a hypothetical extended drought scenario during which persistent expansion of groundwater pumping was assumed. The river modelling component showed that accounting for SW–GW interactions improved the predictions of low flows, and resulted in a more realistic calibration of the Namoi River model.Incorporating SW–GW interactions into river models allows explicit representation of groundwater processes that provides a mechanism to account for the impacts of additional aquifer stresses that may be introduced beyond the calibration period of the river model. Conventional river models that neglect the effects of such future stresses suffer from the phenomenon of non-stationarity and hence have inferior low flow predictions past the calibration period of the river model. The collective knowledge acquired from the two modelling exercises conducted in this study leads to a better understanding of SW–GW interactions in the Namoi River thus leading to improved water management especially during low flow conditions.