油藏储集体模式可视化的研究与实现

油藏储集体可视化是油藏描述过程中非常重要的一个环节，它可以帮助油藏开采、勘查工程师迅速准确地了解和掌握油藏分布，从而做出准确的决策，本文研究并解决了油藏储集体可视化过程中的关键问题，首先，通过建立三角网格表示的油藏储集体顶底面构造和尖灭线模型来确定油藏储集体的几何位置和形态，其次，用克里金插值的方法建立油藏储集体的各种物性参数数据场，最后，给出了某油藏储集体物性分布的实例，其结果达到了将油藏描述的结果用三维图象直观展现出来的目的。     

A shape optimization study for tool design in resistance welding

The purpose of this study is to apply shape optimization tools for design of resistance welding electrodes. The numerical simulation of the welding process has been performed by a simplified FEM model implemented in COMSOL. The design process is formulated as an optimization problem where the objective is to prolong the life-time of the electrodes. Welding parameters like current, time and electrode shape parameters are selected to be the design variables while constraints are chosen to ensure a high quality of the welding. Surrogate models based on a Kriging approximation has been used in order to simplify the calculation of shape sensitivities and to generate a generic tool that can be interfaced with other simulation tools. An example numerical study shows the potential of applying optimal design techniques in this area. Part of this work was presented at WCSMO7 in Seoul Korea, May 21–25, 2007, in the paper titled ‘Some optimization aspects of resistance welding’ (CD-ROM, pp 2687–2695).     

Kriging方法在初至层析静校正中的应用

西部地区地震勘探工作多是在山地、山前带、沙漠、沟壑纵深区等低降速带变化大的复杂地区进行,静校正问题成为制约勘探成效的瓶颈问题。如果在数据采集时,考虑到地学断面空间结构横向上存在的相关性,引入地质统计学的克里格（Kriging）方法估计整个区域内的静校正值,根据静校正值估计分布图合理布置炮点与接收点的位置,从而可以获得静校正量变化更加平稳的数据,提高地震初至波的分辨率,最终得到高质量的地震剖面。根据这一思路,编制了初至层析克立格静校正软件。     

Surrogate based optimization of helicopter rotor blades for vibration reduction in forward flight

The effectiveness of surrogate modeling of helicopter vibrations, and the use of the surrogates for minimization of helicopter rotor vibrations are studied. The accuracies of kriging, radial basis function interpolation, and polynomial regression surrogates are compared. In addition, the surrogates are used to generate an objective function which is employed in an optimization study. The design variables consist of the cross-sectional dimensions of the structural member of the blade and non-structural masses. The optimized blade is compared with a baseline rotor blade which resembles an MBB BO-105 blade. Results indicate that: (a) kriging surrogates best approximate vibratory hub loads over the entire design space and (b) the surrogates can be used effectively in helicopter rotor vibration reduction studies.     

加权最小二乘法改进遗传克里金插值方法研究

数据内插被广泛应用于地统计分析领域,克里金插值作为其中最为有效的方法之一,其原理是通过建立变异函数理论模型,得到可靠的权重值和拉格朗日系数,构成求解待测点的线性组合。为了有效地提高插值精度,文中利用加权最小二乘法优化遗传算法中的适应度函数,进而改进普通基于遗传算法优化的克里金插值方法。并且在MATLAB中利用外部工具箱确定模型参数,最后通过实例验证,将该方法与普通克里金插值以及遗传克里金插值结果进行对比,发现采用该方法,插值效果较好且误差也较小,证明了通过加权最小二乘法可以有效改进普通遗传克里金插值方法。     

基于Kriging滤波的高精度视线转率估计方法

针对空间目标拦截器拦截过程中,有高斯噪声干扰的视线转率估计问题,提出基于Kriging滤波视线角转率估计方法。该方法先进行惯性视线角的重构,再设计窗函数,通过非模型的数值方式估计出视线角转率。仿真结果表明,该方法计算量小,不受模型约束,可以有效提高视线转率的估计精度,进而提高制导精度降低脱靶量。     

基于空间插值的洪水淹没空间分布快速获取

结合空间数据和水文站点监测数据,以Kriging方法为理论基础,研究了一种洪水空间分布实时监测方法.运用空间统计学中的Kriging插值方法将一维水力学模型计算的断面数据内插成水面高程数据,对水面高程数据和研究区域地形数据进行分析,获得洪水淹没信息的空间分布.该方法可以弥补一维模型在空间分布分析上的弱势,并提高分析速度.本研究选取长江上游特定河段为实验区,验证和分析该研究方法的有效性.实验结果表明该方法能够有效实时监测洪水淹没信息的空间分布,其直观的淹没范围显示可快速为决策者提供预警信息,具有较好的应用价值.     

机翼柱面梳状接头设计和参数优化

为解决工程实际中常规机翼梳状接头应力严重、结构偏重的问题,设计一种用于机翼结构对接的柱面梳状接头,并借助试验设计和Kriging代理模型技术提出其细节参数优化方法,应用试验设计法选取样本点,通过非线性有限元接触分析得到该样本点的响应,以此建立Kriging代理模型,并采用更新技术提高Kriging代理模型的精度;应用多岛遗传算法优化该代理模型并获得最优解.算例表明:采用该方法,机翼减重效果明显,优化效率提高.     

Kernel interpolation

Surrogate interpolation models for time-consuming computer experiments are being increasingly used in scientific and engineering problems. A new interpolation method, based on Delaunay triangulations and related to inverse distance weighting, is introduced. This method not only provides an interpolator but also uncertainty bands to judge the local fit, in contrast to methods such as radial basis functions. Compared to the classical Kriging approach, it shows a better performance in specific cases of small data sets and data with non-stationary behavior.     

区域尺度雪深验证数据的加密研究

在区域尺度的微波遥感雪深反演中,由于气象站点的稀少和分布不均匀,导致雪深数据真实性检验难以进行,本文提出使用克里金插值法来解决这一问题,并证明了插值结果作为AMSR-E雪深反演验证数据的可靠性和可行性。