普通克里格法在铜曼矿区储量估算中的应用

以铜曼矿区勘探数据为基础,建立三维地质矿床模型和三维块体模型,利用3DMine矿业软件实现变异函数模型的拟合、椭球体参数、估值参数的确定。利用克里格估值方法对铜曼矿区进行储量估算,结果表明,基于3DMine软件的克里格法储量估算结果相对准确,可作为矿山资源储量管理和开发利用的依据。     

克里格法在司家营铁矿块体建模中的应用

针对司家营铁矿成矿类型以及矿体的分布特征,在对全铁化验数据统计分析的基础上,选择克里格算法,通过变异函数拟合,结合矿山生产所揭露的矿石品位分布情况,确定合理的估值参数,以矿体实体模型为约束,建立了与生产认识基本相一致的矿石全铁品位分布模型,较好的反映了品位的分布特征,与开采现状模型相结合,为生产中出矿全铁品位的稳定提供参考依据。     

精细化矿体三维混构模型构建技术研究

为满足数字矿山建设对矿体三维模型越来越高的精度要求, 研究了精细化矿体混构模型的构建方法。利用分支轮廓线的中轴线构造过渡轮廓线, 建立无缝连接的矿体分支; 通过断层与矿体、矿体与矿体模型之间的布尔运算, 实现矿体和断层边界吻合的无缝模型; 使用外存八叉树技术构建小尺寸单元块的精细块段模型,提高块段模型边界与矿体表面模型边界的吻合; 分析矿石品位的空间变异性, 根据变异函数变程、勘探网度以及钻孔工程数量确定对应储量分级的样品搜索策略对矿石品位进行克里格方法估值。以某铜矿为实例对该方法进行验证, 结果表明本文提出的精细化模型构建技术能够满足资源分类评价、采矿设计、剖切后出工程图等较高的模型精度要求。     

Subset selection from large datasets for Kriging modeling

When building a Kriging model, the general intuition is that using more data will always result in a better model. However, we show that when we have a large non-uniform dataset, using a uniform subset can have several advantages. Reducing the time necessary to fit the model, avoiding numerical inaccuracies and improving the robustness with respect to errors in the output data are some aspects which can be improved by using a uniform subset. We furthermore describe several new and current methods for selecting a uniform subset. These methods are tested and compared on several artificial datasets and one real life dataset. The comparison shows how the selected subsets affect different aspects of the resulting Kriging model. As none of the subset selection methods performs best on all criteria, the best method to choose depends on how the different aspects are valued. The comparison made in this paper can be used to facilitate the user in making a good choice.     

DESIGN OF GROUNDWATER LEVEL MONITORING NETWORK WITH ORDINARY KRIGING

The primary network of groundwater level observation wells aims at realizing a regional groundwater management policy. It may give a regional picture of groundwater level with emphasis on the natural situation. Observation data from the primary network can be used to estimate the actual state of groundwater system. Since the cost of the installation and maintenance of a groundwater monitoring network is extremely high, the assessment of effectiveness of the network becomes very necessary. Groundwater level monitoring networks are the examples of discontinuous sampling on variables presenting spatial continuity and highly skewed frequency distributions. Anywhere in the aquifer, ordinary kriging provides estimates of the variable sampled and a standard error of the estimate. In this article, the average Kriging standard deviation was used as a criterion for the determination of network density,and the GIS-based approach was analysized. A case study of groundwater level network simulation in the Chaiwopu Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, was presented. In the case study, the initial phreatic water observation wells were 18, a comparison of the three variogram parameters of the three defferent variogram models shows that the Gaussian model is the best. Finally, a network with 55 wells was constructed.     

基于Kriging模型的发动机罩多目标优化设计

为提高轿车CNCAP行人保护性能,应用拓扑优化方法对某款轿车的发动机罩内板进行结构改进,以达到降低行人头部损伤值的目的。先以发动机罩内板、外板、加强板及铰链的壁厚为设计变量,采用最优拉丁方法生成样本数据,通过仿真分析,构建了关于发动机罩质量、头部损伤值及模态的Kriging近似模型;然后利用NSGA-Ⅱ（非劣分层遗传算法）多目标进化算法寻优求解。结果表明：改进后的发动机罩不仅安全性和防振性得到改善,而且质量减小,模态值提高,实现了安全、防振及轻量化的设计目标。     

基于网格变形技术的白车身多目标形状优化

市场的竞争压力促使汽车厂商致力于加快车身开发的进程,而基于计算机辅助工程(Computer aided engineering,CAE)的车身结构优化技术由此而成为业内的研究热点。与传统的尺寸优化不同,形状优化在工程优化中具有更大的潜力。将网格变形技术引入形状优化,提出基于近似模型的多目标形状优化方法。利用网格变形技术定义形状变量,并根据灵敏度信息筛选优化变量;采用优化拉丁方试验设计对设计空间均匀分布样本点,进一步拟合高精度的Kriging模型;运用多目标粒子群算法,保持其余性能指标满足预期的前提下,以白车身弯曲刚度和质量为目标进行优化。研究表明,所提出的优化方法成功用于白车身的多目标优化,设计者可根据优化结果权衡各个目标,以指导最终的决策。     

克里金估值中条带效应的校正

矿业和石油勘探行业中的待分析数据多呈条带状分布,采用克里金插值易出现两个端点数据权值偏大的情况,即"条带(String)效应"。本文在传统克里金方法的基础上,根据目标变量与条件数据之间的距离对权值进行校正,使离侍估点越近的数据点的权值越大,越远的数据点的权值越小。这种采用距离约束的克里金方法(DCSK)校正了简单克里金算法中的条带效应,利用FORTRAN编程语言实现了该方法并进行了实例验证。试验结果证实DCSK方法不仅消除了传统克里金方法引起的条带效应,而且其估计方差基本不变或略有增加,从而使得估计结果更接近实际情况。     

Spatial Quantitative Analysis of Garlic Price Data Based on ArcGIS Technology

In order to solve the hidden regional relationship among garlic prices, this paper carries out spatial quantitative analysis of garlic price data based on ArcGIS technology. The specific analysis process is to collect prices of garlic market from 2015 to 2017 in different regions of Shandong Province, using the Moran's Index to obtain monthly Moran indicators are positive, so as to analyze the overall positive relationship between garlic prices; then using the geostatistical analysis tool in ArcGIS to draw a spatial distribution Grid diagram, it was found that the price of garlic has a significant geographical agglomeration phenomenon and showed a multi-center distribution trend. The results showed that the agglomeration centers are Jining, Dongying, Qingdao, and Yantai. At the end of the article, according to the research results, constructive suggestions were made for the regulation of garlic price. Using Moran’s Index and geostatistical analysis tools to analyze the data of garlic price, which made up for the lack of position correlation in the traditional analysis methods and more intuitively and effectively reflected the trend of garlic price from low to high from west to east in Shandong Province and showed a pattern of circular distribution.     

复杂基岩覆盖层分界面建模算法研究和实现

构建基岩覆盖层分界面是水电工程三维地质建模的重要内容和难点。应用地学领域广泛采用的克里金插值法,以覆盖层的深度作为插值变量,构建基岩覆盖层分界面。插值过程中设计并实现了一种剖面划分有效点的方法,提高了插值精度;为了反映属性参数在空间上的变化及各向异性,在平面上计算了4个方向的试验变异函数,并对不同变异函数模型的拟合效果进行了比较。以羊角滑坡为例,通过在三维设计平台CATIA下二次开发程序,实现了多源数据条件下滑坡基岩覆盖层分界面的建模,并对基于克里金插值所构建的滑坡体与其他方法构建滑坡体,进行了滑坡方量比较和评估,表明克里金插值法的模模效果较为理想。