“灰绿”协同措施对银川市合流制溢流污染的影响EI北大核心CSCD

针对合流制管网系统在雨天溢流污染严重,造成城市水体黑臭现象的问题,以银川市某高密度城区合流制管网系统为例,基于SWMM模型,在短历时设计降雨和长历时设计降雨两种条件下,模拟分析了合流制溢流(CSO)调蓄池、雨污管道混错接改造、绿化带海绵化改造等“灰绿”协同措施对CSO污染的影响。结果表明:CSO调蓄池、雨污管道混错接改造、绿化带海绵化改造及“灰绿”措施结合4种方案在短历时、长历时设计降雨条件下,随着降水量的增加,溢流水量及溢流污染物负荷均增加,溢流削减率均逐渐减小,其中“灰绿”措施结合方案对溢流污染的削减效果最为显著;重现期小于5 a时,溢流水量削减率与溢流污染物负荷削减率基本达到80%;降雨条件为中雨时,污染物负荷削减率基本达到75%;重现期为20 a时,溢流水量削减率及TSS、COD、TP、NH^(+)_(4)-N负荷削减率分别达到64%、70%、70%、70%、70%;降雨条件为大雨时,溢流水量削减率及TSS、COD、TP、NH^(+)_(4)-N负荷削减率分别达到28%、32%、26%、31%、33%。     

降水变化条件下沿海地区暴雨潮位遭遇联合风险EI北大核心CSCD

为辨识沿海地区极端降水变化特性,并定量揭示其对暴雨潮位遭遇风险的影响,以华南沿海地区的深圳市为例,采用Pettitt方法检测1965—2016年极值降水的变异情况,根据变异年份划分研究时段,基于Copula函数构建了深圳市暴雨潮位的联合分布模型,对比分析了不同时期暴雨潮位遭遇的联合风险的变化情况。结果表明:1985年为深圳年最大1 d降水量的突变点;受极端降水特性变化的影响,对同一重现期的暴雨潮位组合而言,1985年之后暴雨潮位遭遇风险较1985年之前显著增大;Copula函数求解简便、适应性强,能够定量求解沿海城市暴雨潮位遭遇的联合风险。     

银川市某高密度城区合流制溢流污染特性研究

针对合流制管网系统溢流污染严重且易造成受纳水体出现黑臭现象等问题,以银川市第一污水处理厂片区为例,基于雨洪管理模型(SWMM),在短历时设计降雨和典型年长历时降雨条件下,模拟分析了研究区域溢流排口溢流量及溢流污染物负荷对不同降雨条件的响应关系及其对受纳水体水质的影响。结果表明：雨天合流制管网系统的溢流量及溢流污染负荷量较大,且无论是短历时还是长历时降雨条件下,均具有随着降雨量的增加而增大的特点;厂前溢流污染浓度大,超过受纳水体自净能力,短期内水体水质处于黑臭状态。本研究对银川市黑臭水体治理及溢流污染防治方案的制订具有重要的参考价值。     

Drivers of revitalization in Great Lakes coastal communities

Sediment remediation and habitat restoration projects have been increasingly employed along the coast of the Great Lakes to improve environmental quality since the designation of 43 highly degraded Areas of Concern (AOCs) by the 1987 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between the U.S. and Canada. Improvements in water quality, habitat, and other environmental conditions can also support community wellbeing and revitalization; however, the mechanisms that support these connections are relatively unclear. We address this gap through a case study of three AOCs near Lake Michigan: 1) Grand Calumet River; 2) White Lake, and 3) Muskegon Lake. By analyzing secondary data and planning documents, we found that alongside environmental cleanup, anchor institutions, housing and economic development, and local events drive revitalization. Our research also illustrates that, rather than acting as discrete processes, environmental cleanup and revitalization drivers overlap in time and space. Finally, our research reveals a high level of variation within and across AOCs in terms of diverse socioeconomic contexts, planning capacities, and existing partnerships. Together, our findings point to the need for collaborative and inclusive planning processes that account for the heterogeneity present within and across AOCs to simultaneously support remediation, restoration, and revitalization and to sustain continued revitalization in AOC communities after delisting.     

合肥市河湖长制工作成效与建议

对合肥市推行河湖长制的现状进行探究,通过总结合肥市河湖现状和合肥市开展河湖长制取得的工作成效,针对合肥市推行河湖长制过程中存在的河湖长职责不够明确、跨界河湖联防联控不到位、河湖长制考核制度不健全、公众参与度较低等问题,提出强化河湖长制履职尽责、推动河湖联防联控联治、健全考核问责机制、推进幸福河湖建设、畅通社会参与渠道等具体建议,为今后合肥市推动河湖长制工作提供参考。     

基于系统动力学的城市内涝灾害应急管理模型

采用系统动力学(SD)方法建立城市内涝灾害应急管理SD模型。在确定模型变量权重的基础上,通过构建模型方程式并绘制内涝灾害因果回路图和存量流量图实现对事件动态模拟仿真和敏感性分析。将构建的SD模型用于西安市一场典型内涝灾害事件的仿真分析,结果表明：随着时间增长,通过模拟仿真增加对技术因素、社会因素、管理因素和自然因素的管控,城市内涝灾害应急管理效果趋于变好;SD模型中不同变量对城市内涝灾害应急管理影响存在差异,需要不断完善应急预案,加强城市排水管网建设,提高应急决策时效性。     

Behaviors and housing inertia are key factors in determining the consequences of a shock in transportation costs

This paper investigates the consequences of a sudden increase in transportation costs when household behaviors and building inertia are accounted for. A theoretical framework is proposed, capturing the interactions between behaviors, transportation costs and urban structure. Numerical simulations show that changes in households and landowners’ choices reduce significantly the long-term adverse effects of a shock in transportation costs. Indeed, the shock translates, over the long run, into a more concentrated housing that limits households utility losses and maintains landowners’ income. But, because of building inertia, the shock leads first to a long transition, during which the adjustment is constrained by a suboptimal housing-supply structure. Then, households support larger losses than in the final stage, though lower than with no behavior adjustment, and landowners experience a large decrease in their aggregate income and an important redistribution of wealth. Thus, behaviors and building inertia are key factors in determining the vulnerability to transportation price variability and to the introduction of climate policies. Our policy conclusions are that: (i) if a long-term increase in transportation costs is unavoidable because of climate change or resource scarcity, a smooth change prevents to some extent the negative transition effects and (ii) fast-growing cities of the developing world can reduce their future vulnerability to shocks in transportation costs through the implementation of policies that limit urban sprawl.     

济南市水资源环境与经济发展耦合关联性测度及前景预测

结合环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)与耦合关联度模型对济南市水资源环境与经济发展间的耦合作用机理进行定性与定量研究,并利用弹性预测法对二者间的发展前景作出预测。结果表明:2005—2017年间水资源环境与经济发展存在耦合关系,且现状条件下生活用水、排污量与经济发展的耦合作用要强于工业用水。此外,结合EKC走势和预测结果,引入潜在风险控制指标和重点监控指标的概念,其中生活COD、工业NH₃-N为潜在风险控制指标;重点监控指标分别为生活NH₃-N、生活废水排放量及工业、生活用水量。研究成果可为促进济南市经济增长与水资源环境协调发展提供依据。     

基于AHP-Logistic熵权模型的西南浅丘区地质灾害分布特征研究——以内江市为例

我国西南地区地质灾害频发,为了探索该区域地质灾害的分布特征,以内江市为研究区,利用遥感卫星影像及地理国情监测数据,从自然地理、生态条件和基础地质3个方面建立生态地质环境评价指标体系。采用层次分析法(AHP)和二元Logistic回归模型分别确定各评价指标的主、客观权重,再用最小信息熵求出两者的综合权重,在GIS支持下建立地质灾害评价模型,对内江市地质灾害进行风险性评价分级;并通过高权重评价因子与历史地质灾害点的空间结构分析,揭示其空间分布特征及规律。评估结果表明:①内江市地质灾害中高易发区主要分布在西部低山区,占全区总面积的28.93%;②海拔和坡度是导致地质灾害发生的主要影响因子,在海拔较高、坡度较陡地区,且山区公路两旁极易发生地质灾害,沉寂式构造线附近地层相对稳定。     

深圳市降水变化特征及其未来变化情况预测

基于1998—2018年深圳市日降水资料,采用降水相对变率、集中度及集中期分析了月尺度、年尺度降水稳定性及其年内分配特征,运用Mann-Kendall非参数法和相关函数法对深圳市年降水量、降水稳定性和分配特征参数的变化趋势、突变特征及其未来降水变化特征进行分析与预估。结果表明:深圳市汛期降水稳定性比非汛期更好,年际降水分布稳定性较差,降水集中期为每年6—8月份,降水集中度处于0.23~0.72;降水量和降水分布特征参数均在2011—2013年发生突变,在发生突变后降水相对变率和集中度呈下降趋势,而年降水量和集中期呈上升趋势;深圳市未来降水序列变化趋势受过去变化特征的影响,其中未来年降水量有减少的趋势,降水集中程度逐渐增强,降水稳定性逐渐变差,年内降水分配均匀性变差,降水集中期持续向后推迟。研究成果为深圳市合理蓄水和用水提供科学依据,对水资源调度、利用以及防汛抗旱具有实际指导意义和重要的学术价值。