辽河西部凹陷稠油油藏特征及其成因探讨

辽河油田西部凹陷稠油资源丰富,分布广泛,类型多样,地化特征显著。根据原油的成熟度、生物降解程度及生物降解后油气的注入情况等多元因素,将该区稠油划分为原生稠油、降解型稠油及降解—混合型稠油。西部凹陷稠油成因主要为生物降解作用,水洗作用和氧化作用则促进了原油稠化,而温度、地下水、化学条件及构造条件等是控制原油降解程度的主要因素。     

Thermodynamic consistency of the multi-scale Gibbs–Helmholtz constrained equation of state

The multi-scale Gibbs–Helmholtz constrained (GHC) equation is a new predictive cubic equation of state that constrains the energy parameter in the SRK equation to satisfy the Gibbs–Helmholtz equation. It makes use of internal energies of departure calculated from NTP Monte Carlo simulations at the molecular length scale and a novel up-scaling expression to determine the energy parameter at the bulk phase length scale.     

超稠油综合解堵增产技术

随着超稠油吞吐轮次的增加,原油中的重质成分沉积以及无机垢的形成,岩石的润湿反转,以及水锁、粘土膨胀等因素致使近井地带污染越来越严重,加上地层压力低,造成油井周期生产时间缩短,周期产油减少,低产甚至不出。本技术既能解除近井地带的无机、有机物堵塞,恢复措施井的地层渗透率,同时在注汽过程中产生大量气体和具有表面活性的物质,能够有效地改变岩石的润湿性,降低原油的粘度,增加地层的返排能力,从而提高蒸汽吞吐效果。措施后注汽压力降低,满足现场注汽要求,增油效果明显,取得良好的措施效果。     

Use of reservoir clay sediments as raw materials for geopolymer binders

Abstract

Abstract

Among low cost or readily available raw materials, reservoir clay sediments are of interest as potential precursors in geopolymer binder manufacture. These materials come from dredging of reservoirs because periodical sediment removal is necessary in order to keep a satisfactory level of functionality. In this paper, two sediments, coming from reservoirs located in Southern Italy, have undergone preliminary characterisation by X-ray diffraction, differential thermogravimetry and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Then, the sediments were submitted to 1 and 2 h calcination treatments at 650 and 750°C. The effects of calcination were evaluated by means of ²⁷Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance and FTIR. The calcined samples were mixed with 5M NaOH solution, and the obtained mixtures were studied for reactivity by means of differential scanning calorimetry. Finally, cylindrical samples were prepared with the same mixtures and cured for 3 days at 60°C plus 4 and 25 days at room temperature. The obtained samples were subjected to unconfined compressive strength determinations in order to verify the actual occurrence of geopolymerisation. The results show that the calcined clay sediments can be suitable precursors in polycondensation reactions.     

最小混相压力修正方法研究

最小混相压力(MMP)是气驱提高采收率研究中重要参数之一。最小混相压力计算方法包括经验公式法和理论预测法。在深入研究最小混相压力的主控影响因素基础上,建立了修正的最小混相压力经验计算模型,同时对目前的理论预测方法提出了提高计算精度的研究思路。提出的理论计算方法和经验预测方法计算精度都在90%以上,具有较好的可靠性。     

Development and application of gas hydrate reservoir simulator based on depressurizing mechanism

Natural gas hydrates are known to occur in vast quantities at the ocean floor or in permafrost regions. In-situ hydrate contains great volumes of methane gas, which indicates a potential future energy resource. In this study, we have developed a three-dimensional, multi-phase (gas, water, and hydrate) flow finite-difference model by using implicit pressure explicit saturation technique in order to investigate simultaneous flow through ice-liked hydrate reservoir. The developed model is based on the depressurizing method as producing mechanism. The model evaluates local gas generation dissociated from the hydrate with the aid of kinetic dissociation theory proposed by Kim-Bishnoi. The computation of kinetic dissociation uses the empirical dissociation rate as a function of specific surface area between phases and pressure difference. With the developed model, a one-dimensional system has been simulated for analyzing the production performance of a hydrate reservoir and for investigating the effect of hydrate saturation on absolute permeability and relative permeability characteristics. Also, for the three-dimensional field-scaled reservoir system, a number of numerical exercises have been conducted to understand the effect of mass transfer and to characterize the flowing mechanism under the conditions of increased permeability resulting from the dissociation hydrate.     

液相侵入对储层的损害研究

本文介绍了液相对储层的损害方式以及损害机理,论述了液相在储层中侵入深度的问题,分析了外来流体对储层各方面的影响及解决的方法,得出了含水饱和度和储层受伤害的关系以及岩石吸水饱和度与时间的关系曲线,总结了液相损害对生产带来的各种伤害以及目前解决液相损害所存在的问题和误区,最后给出了在今后的生产当中应采取的预防措施。     

川东南地区志留系油气成藏主控要素分析

川东南地区志留系具有优质烃源岩及盖层封盖能力,并具有良好的生储盖空间配置,一直是南方海相下组合勘探的热点区域。根据野外勘察、钻井资料及测试资料分析,认为燕山期以来的盖层区域保存能力是该区志留系油气成藏的主控要素。     

低渗透砾岩油藏剩余油分布规律研究

本文针对克拉玛依五3中区克下组低渗透储层非均质性严重,油田高含水,水驱动用程度低等特点,以精细油藏数值模拟方法详细研究了层内,层间,平面及空间的剩余油分布规律。结果表明：低渗透砂砾岩油藏油水相对渗透率关系复杂多样,总体表现出较差的岩石和流体相互作用;剩余油分布主要受沉积微相,储层非均质和井网系统的控制,在空间上主要存在4种类型的剩余油分布,对于指导该区块挖潜具有重要指导作用。     

碳酸盐岩气藏长井段酸压投产射孔参数设计

碳酸盐岩气藏在酸压施工过程中发现,预测的施工压力低于实际的施工压力,说明模型中裂缝与井筒的连通情况与实际情况有较大差异。通过对射孔密度、相位、孔径、方位进行分析,射孔参数和孔眼的清洁程度对酸压施工压力的影响分析、沿射孔孔眼茵寺裂缝起裂问题以及降低破裂压力等方面分析,提出适用的射孔参数设计原则,在满足酸压施工的前提下对射孔参数进行优化。