一种易于硬件实现的红外图像实时增强算法

根据红外图像的特性,对常用的图像增强算法进行了详细分析,提出了采用平台直方图均化和增强高通滤波加权平均的红外图像增强算法。该算法具有良好的图像增强能力,且易于采用FPGA达到实时图像增强的效果。     

黄土深基坑开挖边坡稳定的实例分析

以某黄土地基深基坑边坡稳定的分析为实例，给出了均质非饱和黄土边坡稳定系数的实用计算方法，以及在安全系数不满足有关地基规范要求时，采用适当的施工措施使工程顺利实施的经验，对类似工程有一定借鉴意义。     

野外试验场黄土的理化分析

本实验为低,中水平放射性废物浅地层处置安全评价提供现场土壤的物理化学参数。采样深度在０．５－９．１ｍ范围内,每个样品进行１０项测定;矿物组成,粒度分布、密度、总孔隙度、有效孔隙度、给水度、持水度、渗透系数、阳离子交换容量、含水量。     

3H、Br-在原状黄土柱中迁移的实验室研究

采用脉冲方式将惰性示踪剂^3H和Br^-同时或单独注入原状黄土柱中,华而不实两种示踪剂的迁移状况。结果表明Br^-比^3H迁移速度快,阴离子排斥效应可能是其主要原因。     

青藏高原东缘气溶胶粒径分布特征及其来源

气溶胶粒径分布可反映气溶胶的主要来源及其经历的动力学和化学等过程。使用宽范围粒径谱仪对青藏高原东缘四川省理塘县2017年7月6日至8月3日10 nm～10 μm气溶胶粒径分布进行观测,结合环保六要素(PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂、CO和O₃)和气象要素数据、HYSPLIT轨迹模式、潜在源区贡献函数(PSCF)和浓度权重轨迹(CWT)分析,探讨了青藏高原东缘气溶胶的粒径分布特征、潜在来源和影响区域。结果表明:青藏高原东缘理塘地区气溶胶数浓度较低,平均值为4 660.3 cm^-3,粒径分布主要集中在500 nm以下,占总数浓度的99.95%; 不同模态粒子数浓度差异较大,核模态、爱根核模态、积聚模态和粗模态粒子数浓度分别为391.9、4 218.0、50.1和0.4 cm^-3; 不同模态粒子数浓度日变化均为双峰型分布,但是峰值时间存在差异,核模态粒子数浓度日变化的峰值时间位于12:00和19:00,爱根核模态、积聚模态和粗模态粒子数浓度日变化的峰值时间位于08:00和20:00; 气溶胶数浓度谱和表面积浓度谱均为单峰型分布,峰值分别位于50 nm和170 nm,峰值浓度分别为7 361.9 cm^-3·nm^-1和215.5 μm²·cm^-3·nm^-1。青藏高原东缘气溶胶数浓度的潜在来源高值区主要分为两个区域,即东北部的局地污染区和西南部的境外远距离传输区。青藏高原东缘气溶胶数浓度的影响范围主要集中在中国境内,影响区域的高值区相对比较分散。     

Species differentiation of chinese mollitrichosiphum (aphididae: greenideinae) driven by geographical isolation and host plant acquirement

The impact of both the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and the separation of the Taiwan and Hainan Islands on the evolution of the fauna and flora in adjacent regions has been a topic of considerable interest. Mollitrichosiphum is a polyphagous insect group with a wide range of host plants (14 families) and distributions restricted to Southeast Asia. Based on the mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I (COI) and Cytochrome b (Cytb) genes, the nuclear elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) gene, and the detailed distribution and host plant data, we investigated the species differentiation modes of the Chinese Mollitrichosiphum species. Phylogenetic analyses supported the monophyly of Mollitrichosiphum. The divergence time of Mollitrichosiphum tenuicorpus (c. 11.0 mya (million years ago)), Mollitrichosiphum nandii and Mollitrichosiphum montanum (c. 10.6 mya) was within the time frame of the uplift of the QTP. Additionally, basal species mainly fed on Fagaceae, while species that fed on multiple plants diverged considerably later. Ancestral state reconstruction suggests that Fagaceae may be the first acquired host, and the acquisition of new hosts and the expansion of host range may have promoted species differentiation within this genus. Overall, it can be concluded that geographical isolation and the expansion of the host plant range may be the main factors driving species differentiation of Mollitrichosiphum.     

Facile patterning and transfer printing of ferroelectric P (VDF‐TrFE) microstructures by topographic dewetting and Rayleigh‐Plateau instability

Facile microscale patterning of ferroelectric P(VDF‐TrFE) thin films are presented. Simple spin‐coating of the polymer solution on a patterned stamp has led to a variety of features due to the topographic dewetting. The effects of important experimental parameters, such as polymer solution concentration, spin speed, and stamp geometry, are systematically examined and the results are presented as morphological phase diagrams. Further, the dewetted cylindrical lines on the stamp protrusions are found to undergo Rayleigh‐Plateau instability, which leads to the break‐up of lines into dots in a row. The various pattern features formed on structured stamp has then been successfully transfer‐printed onto various substrates such as Si, glass, polymers. The P(VDF‐TrFE) micropatterns have shown more uniform ferroelectric performances than those of unpatterned film, due likely to confinement effect. The proposed simple patterning and transfer‐printing of ferroelectric polymer thin films can be found very useful in various emerging applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45028.     

改良黄土渗透试验研究

以改良黄土的水力学性质优化分析为核心,研究了改良黄土的渗透性能和渗透过程中渗透系数的变化。通过对黄土添加水泥、石灰和粉煤灰作为改良材料,进行了改良黄土渗透性试验。试验结果表明,在击实试验控制干密度情况下且改良材料含量较低情况下,随着改良材料含量的增大,改良黄土的渗透系数呈增大趋势,黄土的结构性明显得到了改善;渗透过程持续,随着改良黄土中石灰、水泥和粉煤灰-水泥混合物水化作用的进行,改良黄土的渗透系数呈减小趋势。因此,根据工程需要,可以通过进一步优化改良材料添加配比方案,在改良渗透性能的基础上增加强度,满足黄土地区施工安全要求。     

浅湖区水上瞬变电磁法探测地下构造效果研究

本文应用水上瞬变电磁方法探测承德坝上地区月亮湖水文地质结构。为了解浅湖区深部地层、断裂及导水构造特征,在总结前人开展的水(海)上瞬变电磁勘探经验的基础上,采用晚期道信噪比较高的中心回线(大定源)瞬变电磁装置,对水下岩层垂向结构及隐伏断裂进行了探测。通过采集试验确定了有效的工作参数,在严格数据采集过程、选用合理的数据处理方法基础上取得了较好的应用效果。结果表明:大定源瞬变电磁装置在浅湖区可达到200 m的探测深度,垂向可分辨厚度为21～50 m的玄武岩层,剖面深部地层横向连续性好,不存在导水断裂,湖区下方探测结果受"低阻屏蔽效应"影响存在相对低阻异常,地质解释须结合地质资料综合研判。本次工作可为其他浅水区瞬变电磁勘探提供借鉴。     

基于信息熵理论的黄土高原小流域雨量站网优化

地面雨量站是降水数据最直接的来源,合理的雨量站点密度与空间布局能准确反映流域面雨量,对于构建流域水文模型至关重要.以黄土高原岔巴沟流域为研究对象,采用2001—2010年流域内11个地面雨量站的日、周、15 d时间尺度降雨量序列,以信息熵理论为基础,基于最大信息最小冗余准则(MIMR),分析11个地面雨量站之间降雨的信...