短期洪水预报在磨盘山水库洪水调度中的应用

阐述和分析了拉林河干流磨盘山水库20070801#洪水的降水情况和洪水特点,结合《磨盘山水库洪水及兴利调度系统》所提供的数据资料进行2007年主汛期首次洪水调度。     

对辽河坳陷陆上基岩油气藏高效勘探的认识

近年来潜山勘探已成为辽河坳陷陆上主要勘探目标之一。在了解了辽河坳陷陆上由"潜山勘探"向"基岩勘探"的理念转变及辽河坳陷陆上基岩成藏具有的得天独厚的有利条件的同时,通过对基岩的研究与勘探实践,建立完善了辽河坳陷陆上四种类型的基岩成藏模式。     

八面河地区孔店组油气成藏条件与勘探方向

在剖析了八面河地区孔店组的地层和沉积特征及其油源、储层、储盖组合条件等油气成藏条件的基础上,认为研究区西北部为有利勘探区带,东北部为较有利勘探区带,南部为潜在勘探区带。     

高渗透稠油油藏氮气泡沫驱现场实践与认识

八面河油田面14区沙河街组沙三上段属于高孔高渗透普通稠油油藏,受储层非均质性,注水、边水推进等原因,在油田开发过程中表现出含水上升快,产量自然递减快,采出程度低的开发特点。针对高渗透稠油油藏特高含水开发初期稳油控水,2007年开展了整体氮气泡沫驱现场试验,取得了显著的控水增油效果,投入产出比为1∶7.0。研究结果对于同类油田氮气驱提高采收率具有一定的借鉴意义。     

潜江凹陷东部新沟嘴组轻质油储层测录井特征及产能预测探讨

江汉盆地潜江凹陷东部建新-拖市地区新沟嘴组下段Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ油组均发育有低孔、低渗、致密砂岩岩性圈闭,近年来随着勘探工作的深入,该区陆续发现一批轻质油藏。在对建新-拖市地区地层层序和生储盖特征分析研究的基础上,充分利用地质、气测、测井、试油等多项井筒技术资料全面总结了该地区储层的特性,并探索了使用定量手段评价油层产能的技术。     

费用控制挣值法在好汉泊水库项目实施中的应用

好汉泊水库项目建设中,时间紧、任务重、政治性强、国际影响大,确保费用、进度的统一是保证完成任务的关键。介绍了挣值法在好汉泊水库项目实施中的有效应用。在实际工作中,对比计划费用,实际费用,已完费用3种曲线,找出差异,为决策者提供重要的参考依据。     

多波束测深系统在大浪淀水库库容测量中的应用

多波束测深系统可对水下地形进行全覆盖扫描测量,精确测得水下地形地貌,可应用于库容计算、冲淤分析、河道勘测等方面。结合Hydro Bat多波束测深系统在大浪淀水库库容测量的实例,介绍多波束系统在水库库容测量中的应用,进一步说明多波束测量技术的高精度、全覆盖、高分辨率和高效率的特点。     

长江三峡库区支线航空运输发展对策研究

长江三峡库区丰富的自然与人文旅游资源,狭长的地形与复杂的山地环境特征,决定了支线航空有广阔的前景。支线航空运输具有建设投资省、方便快捷、服务半径大等优点,是三峡库区发展旅游的重要基础条件。分析了长江三峡库区航空运输的现状及存在问题,结合区域城镇体系建设及综合交通发展,提出了支线航空交通的前景与发展对策。     

考虑大气沉降的湖库分区动态水环境容量精细解析

针对面源污染为主的湖库型流域,为建立水质目标管理与污染总量控制之间更精准的响应关系,借鉴日最大负荷总量模式,基于物质量平衡原理提出考虑径流丰枯变化、不均匀混合、大气沉降等影响因素的湖库分区动态水环境容量精细解析方法,包括污染混合区设置、代表水文系列确定、逐日分区水量水质计算。以沙河水库为例,分别以全湖Ⅱ类、主湖Ⅱ类作为水质管理目标,采用2010—2015年代表水文系列对总氮动态水环境容量进行精细解析。结果表明：全湖Ⅱ类、主湖Ⅱ类水质管理目标下沙河水库总氮水环境容量的多年均值分别为36.7 t和99.43 t,若不考虑湖滨混合区,全湖Ⅱ类水质目标下总氮的年水环境容量计算值偏大66.43%;实施水质目标管理的水域面积越大,大气沉降对水环境容量的影响越大;径流年际及年内丰枯变化对水环境容量的影响显著;各分区总氮控制总量占全流域总量的比例与面积比基本一致。湖库分区动态水环境容量精细解析可量化不同因素对水环境容量计算结果的影响,科学解析面源输入型湖库水环境容量的时空结构特征,实现水质目标管理与污染总量分区管控的有机联动,更好地支撑流域水环境的精细化管理。     

Effect of the Three Gorges Reservoir on vertical distribution of suspended sediment concentration and estimation accuracy of depth-average concentration in downstream reaches

The sediment regime in the middle Yangtze River has been significantly changed from quasi-equilibrium to nonequilibrium since the impoundment of the Three Georges Reservoir (TGR). To understand the effects of the TGR on vertical distribution of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and estimation accuracy of mean concentration, vertical sediment concentration and flow velocity data at the Shashi and Jianli hydrological stations in the reach before and after the impoundment were collected. Comparisons and analysis of vertical profiles of SSC before and after the TGR impoundment show that after the impoundment of the TGR, due to the coarsening of sediment particle size, the reduction in sediment load, and the significant decrease in sediment saturation, the vertical distribution of SSC in the downstream reaches became more uneven under medium and low water flows, which was reflected in the vertical gradient and the fluctuation degree of SSC significantly increased. In addition, the depth-average sediment concentrations were calculated by the selected-point method and the mean values calculated by the “multi-point method” were regarded as the “true mean” to evaluate the accuracy of the mean value calculated by the “few-point method.” It was found that the relative errors for the selected-point method were mainly positive before impoundment but mainly negative after impoundment. Additionally, the correction factors of one-point, two-point, and three-point methods and the position of the near-bed substituted point for the five-point method were given to reduce the error when the point measurements were used to calculate the depth-average sediment concentration in the downstream reaches.