石阡县石漠化现状及治理对策的探讨

通过对石漠化成因的分析及对石阡县石漠化现状和危害情况的阐述,得出造成石阡县石漠化的深层原因及相应的治理对策。     

Geochemical modeling of groundwater in southern plain area of Pengyang County,Ningxia,China

The purpose of this paper iS to examine the evolution mechanisms of a hydrochemical field and to promote its benefits to the living standards of local people and to the Iocal economy in the southern plain area of Pengyang County,in Ningxia,China.Based on understanding of the hydrogeological conditions in PengYang County,the chemical evolution characteristies of groundwater in the plain area were analyzed.PHREEQC geochemical modeling software was used to perform hydrochemical modeling of water-rock interaction and to quantitatively analyze the evolution processes and the formation mechanisms of the local groundwater.Geochemical modeling was performed for two groundwater paths.The results showed that,along path 1,Na+ adsorption played the leading role in the precipitation process and its amount was the largest,up to 6.08 mmol/L;cation exchange was significant along path 1,while along simulated path 2,albite accounted for the largest amount of dissolution,reaching 9.06 mmol/L,and the cation exchange was not significant.According to the modeling results,along the groundwater flow path,calcite and dolomite showed oversaturated status with a precipitation trend.while the fluorite and gypsum throughout the simulated path were not saturated and showed a dissolution trend.The total dissolved solids(TDS)increased and water quality worsened along the flow path.The dissolution reactions of albite,CO2,and halite,the exchange adsorption reaction of Na+,and the precipitation of sodium montmorillonite and calcite were the primary hydrogeochemical reactions,resulting in changes of hydrochemical ingredients.     

宜阳县矿山地质环境恢复与综合治理规划研究

为了最大限度地解决采矿活动引发的地质环境问题、避免造成地质环境恶化、消除地质环境隐患,使已破坏的矿山地质环境得到有效的治理,基于矿产资源概况及矿产资源开发利用现状,分析了矿山地质环境现状与发展趋势,得到了矿山地质环境问题、矿山地质环境破坏现状、恢复治理的矿山地质环境现状以及矿山地质环境发展趋势;研究了矿山地质环境综合治理规划,制定矿山开采准入条件、优化资源开采布局、实行矿产资源规模化开采、调控开采总量、提高资源综合利用率等政策措施,强化矿产资源开发准入时对地质环境的源头保护作用。最后,分析了矿山地质环境恢复治理工程部署。研究能够有效的保护矿山地质环境,使矿山成为真正的绿色矿山,基本消除了由于矿山开采带来的环境、地质方面的影响,使周围的群众能够正常的生产、生活,对全社会的安定团结和稳定发展也有重要意义,是保证矿区区域可持续发展的重要组成部分,具有重要的社会效益。     

阿克塞县水泥用石灰岩矿地质环境特征及生态环境修复治理研究

矿山目前处于露天开采状态,由于多年的粗放式,对原有地质环境造成了严重的破坏。为了实现矿产资源的可持续发展,通过对阿克塞县水泥用石灰岩矿地质环境和土地利用现状调查,发现地质环境问题主要为发育不稳定斜坡和土地损毁情况,其中损毁土地面积共计246.87 hm2,并开展了矿山地质环境现状评价和土地复垦方法讨论,最大限度地减轻矿业活动对矿山地质环境的不利影响,实现矿山地质环境的有效保护与恢复治理,使矿山企业在开发矿产资源的同时,保护土地资源、恢复生态环境,促进人与社会和谐发展。     

《十排考》——清末香山盐场社会的文化记忆与权力表达

本文以清末《香山翠微韦氏族谱》所载《十排考》一文为研究对象,考察明清香山盐场的社会变迁,诠释食盐专卖制度下食盐生产与地域社会的互动。明初灶户立籍,香山盐场的盐民获得了合法的社会身份。明代中期以后,伴随着沙田的成长,适宜食盐生产的海水逐渐淡化,导致盐产下降,灶丁逃亡,黄萧养之乱加快了这一过程。香山社会经济格局重新整合。清代以后,香山盐场的盐业生产已经衰落,生产中心转移至三灶。原香山场的族群对市场、宗族、民间信仰、科举等文化和权力资源的操控,揭示出市场与社会文化、地方政治之间的复杂关系。     

Rare Earth Elements Compositions and Genesis of Xinhua Large-Scale Phosphorite Deposit in Western Guizhou, China

Zhijin County in Western Guizhou is one of the most important production areas of phosphorites in China. In order to investigate genesis of the phosphorites, their REE compositions were analyzed by using inductively coupled plasma emission mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. For comparison, phosphorites from the Lower Cambrian black rock series in Southern China, such as Zunyi in Guizhou and Zhangjiajie in Hunan Province, were also analyzed. The analytical data show that: (1) Xinhua phosphorites possess a quite high and greatly varied total rare earth elements (ΣREE), which varying between 164.23×10-6 and 1395.01×10-6 with average of 642.54×10-6, remarkable differentiation between light (LREE) and heavy rare earth elements (HREE), and the ΣLREE/ΣHREE ratios varying between 5.04 and 6.52. The ΣREE and ΣLREE/ΣHREE ratios of the Zunyi and Zhangjiajie phosphorites are 156.69×10-6～637.41×10-6 with average of 431.75×10-6 and 3.17～6.95 with average of 4.37 respectively; (2) All the phosphorites from Xinhua, Zunyi and Zhangjiajie show remarkable negative Ce anomalies. Besides, the Xinhua phosphorites possess lower δCe, which varying between 0.26 and 0.53 with average of 0.35, while δCe of the Zunyi and Zhangjiajie phosphorites are 0.30～0.66 with average of 0.47, suggesting that all of the phosphorites are typical marine sediments deposited mainly in ancient peri-continental seas, and the depositional position of the Xinhua phosphorite might be deeper; (3) Most phosphorites from Xinhua, Zunyi and Zhangjiajie possess unremarkable positive Eu anomaly, and only a few of samples show obvious ones. The δEu varies between 0.98 and 2.4, suggesting that hot (>200 ℃) and strong reductive hydrothermal fluids might have been involved in genesis of the phosphorites; (4) The Xinhua phosphorite is relatively depleted in HREE, and LaN/NdN and δY of most samples are >1 and >1.5 respectively. Besides, there exists no correlation between δY and δCe, suggesting that the phosphorite was subjected to quite strong weathering and leaching processes, and catagenesis do not greatly modify its REE compositions.     

江华瑶族自治县生态文明建设水平研究

为有效测度县域生态文明建设水平,采用全排列多边形模型,从经济、环境、社会三大系统建立生态文明建设水平评价指标体系,对江华瑶族自治县(以下简称江华县)生态文明建设水平进行评价.研究表明:就江华县生态文明综合建设水平而言,2011年~2017年期间,综合建设水平逐年提升,2014年~2015年增速最快,至2016年江华县生态文明综合建设水平由较高转为高等级.就经济、环境、社会三大系统而言,2011年,属于发展平衡型;2012年~2013年,属于社会发展落后型;2014年~2015年,属于经济发展落后型;2016年~2017年,虽仍属于社会发展落后型,但三大系统建设水平均脱离较低达到较高等级.总体而言,2011年~2017年三大系统生态文明建设水平逐年提升.     

老龄化背景下中国西部丘陵县城镇化特征与趋势研究 ——以四川省岳池县为例

在西部丘陵县劳动人口长期大量外流, 并叠加日益严重的人口老龄化社会背景下,为探究 中国西部丘陵县在老龄化时代下的城镇化新特征 和新趋势,以四川省岳池县为例,基于第七次人口 普查数据,并结合大量的问卷调查和实地调研访 谈数据展开研究。研究发现：一是岳池县虽然城 镇化水平不高,但老龄化乡村已没有富余劳动力, 上阶段支撑城镇化发展的“教育城镇化”和“返乡 置业”因素都已减弱,未来可能进入老人进城养 老为主的城镇化阶段。二是“60后”退休人群、高 龄返乡人群将促使老龄人口继续增长,同时年轻 人流出的现象还将持续,育龄人口大量流出使得 县内新生代儿童的数量趋于下降,人口将进一步走 向“倒金字塔”结构。三是展望到2035年的城镇 化进程,未来县域人口总数将面临收缩,城乡养老 职能将持续显著增强,而劳动力短缺的问题会明 显加剧,尤其是丘区农业人口面临缺少“接班人” 的风险,城乡经济社会发展的基础将深刻变化。 最后,研究建议应加强县级养老服务职能,建设 养老型的城镇和乡村;要重视人力资源积累,培养高素质的城镇、农村的劳动者;应创新规划建设模 式,适应动态集中的城乡居民点格局。研究有助于推动以县城为重要载体的新型城镇化高质量发展和 国家乡村振兴战略建设。     

新县传统民居建筑装饰初探

新县位于大别山内区,鄂豫皖三省交界处,地理位置和人文环境均比较特殊,处于南北文化过渡的区域,南北文化交融处。新县的传统民居建筑多为山地民居,文化习俗共融性较强,迁移文化频繁。传统民居的装饰艺术是传统民居建筑的重要组成部分,也是中华民族传统文化的重要组成部分。该文通过对新县传统民居建筑装饰部位、装饰题材等的分析,对新县传统民居建筑装饰的表现手法和艺术风格进行初步研究,试图归纳总结新县的传统民居建筑装饰的特点,了解边界地区传统民居的建筑装饰在共融性与本土性中产生的装饰手法与特点。     

新型城镇化背景下县总体规划的城乡统筹策略研究——以江西赣州会昌县总体规划为例

在发展新型城镇化的背景下,中小城市是新型城镇化的重要载体,县级市是中小城市的中坚力量,县域城乡统筹成为城镇化发展转型的关键,县域城乡统筹及城镇化,将影响我国城镇化总体水平及质量。本文以会昌县总体规划为例,在案例剖析的基础上,研究县城市总体规划编制的城乡统筹策略,应将城乡统筹理念融入规划全过程,配套规划实施策略,使规划可以有效指导城乡发展建设,推动县域城乡一体化发展。提出规划编制应从现实问题出发,以城—镇—乡—村一体化为目标,将城乡统筹作为整体统领的理念融入规划编制的各项内容,并增加城乡统筹的专篇,对总体规划技术框架进行完善和补充。