Limits to foundation displacement of an extra high voltage transmission tower in a mining subsidence area

Given the background of a transmission tower erected on a particular mining subsidence area,we used finite element modeling to analyze the anti-deformation performance of transmission towers under a nu...     

Model experiment on anti-deformation performance of a self-supporting transmission tower in a subsidence area

A large number of high-voltage power transmission towers have recently been constructed in mining areas prone to subsidence.In order to ensure the safety of the transmission towers and the safe operati...     

阜阳供电公司信息广域网安全防护管理系统

对阜阳市供电公司广域网的安全防护管理体系进行了设计,介绍了该系统各模块的工作流程,及该安全防护管理系统的实施,指出该系统的使用可有效提高管理效率.     

高原寒冷区地球电化学方法寻找隐伏金矿对比试验

为了解高原寒冷景观区隐伏金矿地电化学异常特征,选取辛曲矿区和扎家同哪矿区进行对比试验。结果表明,两个矿区的地电提取Au含量均较低,且多为难以连片的狭窄异常,但矿体的分布基本限定在地电化学综合异常范围内。两个矿区有不同的异常特征：产出较陡的辛曲金矿异常多呈狭窄的单峰,峰值与矿体头部相对应;而产出较缓的扎家同哪金矿,异常呈多峰异常形态,在矿头对应部位有异常峰,且异常沿矿体倾斜方向呈阶梯式变弱,表明在高原寒冷景观区地球电化学方法对隐伏金矿体赋存范围和产出形态均有指示作用。结合地电化学异常成因机制、成矿地质条件,初步构建了高原寒冷景观条件下破碎带型金矿地电化学找矿模型。     

Flow structure through pool‐riffle sequences and a conceptual model for their sustainability in gravel‐bed rivers

Detailed field measurements and simulations of three‐dimensional flow structure were used to develop a conceptual model to explain the sustainability of self‐formed pool‐riffle sequences in gravel‐bed rivers. The analysis was conducted at the Red River Wildlife Management Area in Idaho, USA, and enabled characterization of the flow structure through two consecutive pool‐riffle sequences, including: identification of jet concentration and dissipation zones, and the development of local turbulence features (i.e. vertical and horizontal eddies) under different flow conditions. Three‐dimensional hydraulic simulations were used to evaluate how the flow structure varies across a range of flow conditions and with different degrees of sediment aggradation within the upstream pool. The analysis demonstrated a significant influence of the residual pool depth on the flow structure, with reduced residual depth causing a shift in the orientation of the jet and a reduction in the influence of vertical eddies and the size and intensity of horizontal eddies. The proposed conceptual model seeks to explain the sustainability of pools in terms of the flow structure in pool‐riffle morphology and how this flow structure will change as a result of altered external forcing, such as upstream sediment delivery or changes in bank stability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

AMPHIBIAN OCCUPANCY IN FLOOD‐CREATED AND EXISTING WETLANDS OF THE LOWER MISSOURI RIVER ALLUVIAL VALLEY

During the previous century, the wetland area in the lower Missouri River alluvial valley was reduced by 39% because of river channelization and bank stabilization projects. The Great Flood of 1993 reversed the trend of wetland loss by creating 466 new wetlands in the alluvial valley between Kansas City and St. Louis, Missouri. We estimated amphibian occupancy, detection probability and number of species exhibiting evidence of reproduction in eight flood‐created and 16 pre‐flood existing wetlands from 1996 through 1998. We also evaluated whether hydroperiod (the number of days any water was present in a wetland from 20 February through 31 August) and distance to river predicted those values. Detection probabilities for adult amphibian species were relatively constant across years and ranged from 0.013 [Great Plains toad (Anaxyrus cognatus)] to 0.280 [Woodhouse's toad (Anaxyrus woodhousii woodhousii)]. Occupancy of adult amphibians differed across years and was not correlated with habitat features. Estimated occupancy probabilities for amphibian species ranged from 0.126 [Plains spadefoot (Spea bombifrons)] to 0.896 [boreal chorus frog (Pseudacris maculata)]. Almost double the number of amphibian species showed evidence of reproduction in existing wetlands (wetlands created before the Great Flood of 1993) when compared with that in flood‐created wetlands. Similarly, temporary wetlands had nearly double the number of amphibian species showing evidence of reproduction when compared with permanent wetlands. Finally, the highest number of species showed evidence of reproduction in wetlands with spring–summer hydroperiods between 135 and 140 days. All these relationships suggest that the invasion and persistence of predators in wetlands negatively influence amphibian reproduction. If the Missouri River is allowed to reconnect with the alluvial valley, more predators may be introduced into wetlands, leading to reduced amphibian occupancy and reproduction. However, this connection will not likely occur over the entire alluvial valley and, therefore, should not adversely impact amphibians that find refuge in higher‐elevation, non‐connected regions of the alluvial valley. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND APPORTIONMENT OF POLLUTION SOURCES OF TIGRIS RIVER (TURKEY) USING MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES—A CASE STUDY

The Tigris is one of the most important transboundary rivers in western Asia and originates in the Toros mountains of the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Multivariate statistical techniques, such as cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA), were applied for the evaluation of temporal/spatial variations and the interpretation of a water quality data set for the Tigris River, which was obtained during 1 year of monitoring. This study presents the usefulness of multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation and interpretation of complex water quality data sets and apportionment of pollution sources/factors to obtain better information about water quality and the design of a monitoring network for the effective management of water resources. Hierarchical CA grouped 12 months into two periods (the first and second periods) and classified seven monitoring sites into three groups, that is, less polluted sites, medium polluted sites and highly polluted sites, based on similarities in the water quality characteristics. PCA/FA identified five factors in the data structure, which explained 77.5% of the total variance of the data set. This allowed us to group the selected parameters according to common features and to evaluate the influence of each group on the overall variation in water quality. Varifactors obtained from the factor analysis indicated that the parameters responsible for water quality variation were mainly related to soluble salts (natural), organic pollution and nutrients (anthropogenic). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

桃花江航运枢纽整体水力学试验研究

桃花江旅游景观船闸在布置上因受到枢纽地形与河道防洪的限制,难以满足规范要求.采用几何比尺为1∶25的整体水工模型进行了试验研究,2座枢纽的控制运行条件均为最高通航水位组合,主河道中流速较大,特别是上下游口门处引航道的横向流速较大,不能满足规范要求.修改方案主要通过减小2座船闸上下游引航道与桃花江主河道夹角,并对口门附近地形进行了相应的疏浚.试验结果表明,修改方案有效降低了2座船闸上游口门处横向流速等不利因素.     

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT USE OF THE MISSOURI RIVER AND LOWER YELLOWSTONE RIVER BENTHIC FISHES FROM 1996 TO 1998: A BASELINE FOR FISH COMMUNITY RECOVERY

Past and present Missouri River management practices have resulted in native fishes being identified as in jeopardy. In 1995, the Missouri River Benthic Fishes Study was initiated to provide improved information on Missouri River fish populations and how alterations might affect them. The study produced a baseline against which to evaluate future changes in Missouri River operating criteria. The objective was to evaluate population structure and habitat use of benthic fishes along the entire mainstem Missouri River, exclusive of reservoirs. Here we use the data from this study to provide a recent‐past baseline for on‐going Missouri River fish population monitoring programmes along with a more powerful method for analysing data containing large percentages of zero values. This is carried out by describing the distribution and habitat use of 21 species of Missouri River benthic fishes based on catch‐per‐unit area data from multiple gears. We employ a Bayesian zero‐inflated Poisson model expanded to include continuous measures of habitat quality (i.e. substrate composition, depth, velocity, temperature, turbidity and conductivity). Along with presenting the method, we provide a relatively complete picture of the Missouri River benthic fish community and the relationship between their relative population numbers and habitat conditions. We demonstrate that our single model provides all the information that is often obtained by a myriad of analytical techniques. An important advantage of the present approach is reliable inference for patterns of relative abundance using multiple gears without using gear efficiencies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

华阴市柳叶河应急分洪工程设计与湖区生态景观规划

以景观生态学理论为基础,在现状防洪体系框架内利用华阴夹槽区低洼地形,修建柳叶河应急分洪利用工程,针对分洪区主体工程建设和蓄滞洪区生态景观规划展开讨论,指出分洪区的建设能有效减轻下游堤防抗洪风险,利用分洪蓄滞水面改善夹槽区人居环境,最终实现分洪区综合利用功能,并为类似分蓄洪区设计提供参考。