神东2亿t煤都荒漠化生态环境修复零缺陷建设绿色矿区技术

地处我国西北半干旱严重风水复合侵蚀恶劣生态环境的神东2亿t煤炭矿区,井田范围内的风水侵蚀荒漠化危害,对矿区能源现代化亿吨规模开发生产和当地经济可持续发展构成了巨大制约和威胁。神东公司遵循“治理保开发、开发促治理”的生态修复建设理念,采取适地适技、零缺陷建设生态型绿色煤都的技术与管理模式,历时32年开展了风蚀沙漠化防治、水土流失治理、井采地质沉陷与露采土地复垦、供水泉域防护、河道整治、庭院园林景观营造等生态环境修复建设技术,使矿区植被覆盖度由开发前3%~11%提高到目前的60%以上,在年产2亿t清洁煤炭的同时,零缺陷地将矿区荒漠化生态环境建设成为绿洲。     

沙漠中天然气管道腐蚀与阴极保护效果分析

通过对土壤电阻率、pH及其它理化指标的测试分析，评价沙漠中天然气管道服役环境的腐蚀性。运用多频管中电流法检测防护层绝缘电阻和漏点，参考自然地貌确定管道运行的风险点，开挖并检测防护层和管道腐蚀状况。采用密间隔电位测量技术对集气干线系统的阴极保护状况进行测量与分析，评价阴极保护效果。     

水化学成分聚类法分析巴丹吉林沙漠及邻区地下水补给源

把单个水样看成由n个化学成分构成的向量,n维向量组成的空间近似为距离空间,在其它因素影响不大的情况下,具有相同补给源或有较密切水力联系的地下水具有较近的距离,化学成分差别越大,这种距离越远,水力联系越差。基于以上原理对巴丹吉林沙漠及邻区的44个水样进行了主成分和聚类分析。计算结果表明该地地下水补给来自于祁连山冰川雪水,根据聚类特征进一步得出推论,祁连山雪水通过地下渗流经过诺尔图,然后到达古日乃和拐子湖的。     

我国典型沙区中沙尘的物理特性

针对我国典型沙区的理论研究和实验结果，着重系统地讨论了我国塔克拉玛干沙漠等典型沙区的有关沙尘浓度，粒径分布，形状分布，介电特性等物理特性及其受环境因素的影响。     

单侧沉管在沙漠地段长输管道施工中的应用

塔轮输油管线局部更换工程全线处于塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地,管线沿线为风积沙,承载力低,给管沟开挖和管线下沟作业带来了困难。经过现场论证,开挖试验段取得成功,决定采用单侧沉管施工方法。单侧沉管施工工序如下:施工准备→管线中线确定→管线位置调正→防腐层检漏→单侧沉管试验开挖→试验段验收→单侧沉管正式开挖→管道埋深验收。采用单侧沉管方法成功解决了沙漠地段管沟开挖和管线下沟困难的问题,同时该方法具有施工工艺简单、节约成本、进度快、施工风险小、流水作业性好等特点。     

4组沙漠绿藻分子生物学鉴定及其生物学特性研究

对从塔克拉玛干沙漠中分离的4组沙漠绿藻进行形态特征鉴定,绘制生长曲线,考察pH对其生长的影响,并进行系统发育分析。形态特征结果显示a组为椭圆形藻,b、c和d组为球状藻。a组沙漠藻最适pH值为6.0,c组的最适pH值以原BG-11培养基为准,b和d组最适pH值为8.0。采用分子生物学18SrDNA序列分析法鉴定出代表性4株沙漠藻的基因序列,结果表明:a组的3YS16(1)和c组3YS21-1的序列跟Chlamydomonas incerta亲缘关系很近;b组的KXII(2)序列跟Chlorosarcinopsis bastropiensis亲缘关系很近;d组的YS2-3的序列跟Chlorosarcinopsis communis亲缘关系很近。该研究确定了4组藻的分类地位和最佳生长pH条件,可为沙漠绿藻分子生物学和食品应用方面的研究提供理论依据。     

Sedimentary facies analysis of the Upper Bahariya sandstone reservoir in East Bahariya C area,North Western Desert,Egypt

The present work aims to deduce the depositional processes of the Lower Cenomanian Bahariya Formation, that is one of the main hydrocarbon siliciclastic reservoirs in the Northern Western Desert of Egypt. This has been achieved through the analyses of the core photographs, micro-resistivity image logs, mud logs and conventional wireline logs. The Bahariya Formation comprises a complex of depositional lithofacies such as interbedded siltstone, shale, sandstones and pebbly sandstones. The current work highlights the effectiveness of the integrative approach. A variety of datasets including core photographs, micro-resistivity image logs, mud logs and conventional wireline logs are integrated to define the conceptual depositional model in the study area.Different recorded sedimentary features point to various depositional processes. Hummocky cross stratification (HCS) is the common sedimentary structure indicating the storm action. Wave ripples are recorded providing evidence for fair-weather action on shoreface. Rhythmic heterolithics, tidalites indicate the tidal processes. The upper part of the Bahariya Formation has been influenced by wave and storm processes more than the lower parts. The core and image facies are designated, being dominated by Sandstone (S), Siltstone (Z), Mudstone (M), Heterolithic (H) and Limestone (L.s). The studied core and image facies with wireline logs facies are grouped into five major facies associations (FA). They are Tidal Channel and Tidal Creeks, Tidal Flat, Storm, Shoreface, Offshore Transition to Offshore Facies Associations. The integrative approach indicates that the Upper Bahariya Member has been deposited in a storm influenced tidal coastal realm.     

Planet Moon: The Future of Astronaut Activity and Settlement

Ceaseless demographic growth and the depletion of the Earth's natural resources make the colonisation of space an increasingly compelling prospect. Madhu Thangavelu , an expert in the design of complex space projects, including space stations and exploratory missions, and a professor in the Department of Astronautical Engineering at the University of Southern California (USC), explores the possibilities and extreme environmental challenges posed by human settlement of our closest planetary neighbour, the Moon.     

毛乌素沙漠油气管道的工程机械防护措施

毛乌素沙漠地区是重要的油气管道敷设区,如何使所埋管道不致因覆盖的沙被风吹走而暴露出来,其保护措施十分重要。毛乌素沙漠地区管道所经地貌单元为固定沙丘、半固定沙丘及流动沙丘。结合实际,详述了该地区管道施工中采用的工程机械防护措施,包括沙障类型、沙障高度与做法、沙障间距设置、沙障施工方法等,简述了化学及植物防护措施。所述机械防护措施在油气管道敷设中已得到应用,在今后的应用中,可根据沙丘特点及周边植被现状,因地制宜,采取化学固沙、植物固沙等综合防护措施。