Timing of petroleum generation and source maturity of selected wells in Abu Gharadig Basin,North Western Desert,Egypt

The timing of petroleum generation of source rocks is recognized to investigate the maturation level of the proven potential source formations for oil preservation dead lines, and predict the levels of thermal maturity of the studied sequences in terms of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion. For theses purposes four thermal burial history and maturity profiles were constructed of the Abu Gharaig-1 SW Umbaraka-1, GPZ-1, and GPX-1 wells. The results showed Abu Roash and Bahariya formations are immature to mature source rocks and have poor to fair potential to generate both oil and gas and still are within the early stage of hydrocarbon generation till the present time. Alam El Bueib and Masajid formations bear mature source rocks and have good generating capability for generating both oil and gas and entered the oil window since Cretaceous to Miocene times and lies within oil and gas windows at present time. Khatatba Formation bears a mature source rock and has good generating capability for both oil and gas and entered the oil window during Late Cretaceous to Eocene times.     

Morphogenetic Urbanism

Peter Trummer pursues a morphogenetic model of urban design in which matter and form are placed in a dynamic rather than a fixed relationship. He demonstrates its application with a neighbourhood model that he has developed for the suburbs of Phoenix, Arizona, with the Second-Year Research Programme at the Berlage Institute in Rotterdam. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

埃及西沙漠盆地中生界烃源岩特征及剩余资源分布

西沙漠盆地是埃及三大主要含油气区之一,已发现大量的油气田,现处勘探发现中期,预探风险增大。为此,在详细评价盆地烃源岩地球化学特征基础上,运用盆地数值模拟技术定量分析剩余资源潜力。研究认为,中侏罗统Khatatba组Safa段和Zahra段煤系暗色泥页岩以及上白垩统Abu Roash组AR-F段暗色泥页岩是盆地的3套主力烃源岩,各凹陷烃源岩广泛分布,厚度变化较大。Khatatba组烃源岩TOC含量在0.5%~10%,裂解烃S₂含量高,为中等-很好烃源岩;Abu Roash组AR-F段烃源岩TOC主要在0.5%~3%,裂解烃S₂含量中-高,属中等-好烃源岩。这3套烃源岩有机质干酪根类型以混合Ⅱ型为主,其次是Ⅲ型,少量为Ⅰ型。指出Khatatba组2套烃源岩全盆处于热演化成熟大量生排烃阶段,凹陷中心达高熟生烃、局部过熟生气阶段,油气并生;Abu Roash组AR-F段烃源岩仅Abu Gharadig和Natrun凹陷进入成熟生烃阶段。提出盆地北部地区主要由侏罗系Khatatba组烃源岩供给油气,东南部地区则有侏罗系Khatatba组和白垩系AR-F段双源供烃。计算表明,盆地剩余可采资源量达6.51×10⁸ t,剩余资源潜力很好;其中,南部Abu Gharadig凹陷古生界、侏罗系和下白垩统AEB,北部Matruh凹陷古生界、Faghur凹陷上白垩统,油气探明程度低,剩余资源可观,为下步勘探的有利方向。     

API gravities,vanadium, nickel,sulfur, and their relation to gross composition: Implications for the origin and maturation of crude oils in Western Desert,Egypt

In the present study, the geochemical analyses of API gravities, vanadium, nickel, sulfur, and bulk composition were performed on eight samples from productive wells in Gindi, South Deep Abu-gharadig, Abu-gharadig, Dahab-Merier, and Faghure basins locates in the North Western Desert. The results were used to describe the source organic matter input, depositional environment, assess the degree of thermal maturity, and to correlate between crude oils to determine the genetic relationship between hydrocarbon generation and their source rock for the studied oil samples. The results showed that a wide range of crude oil parameters exists in this data, indicating that a variety of oil types is represented. Crude oils range from unaltered to altered by vanadium, nickel, and sulfur concentrations, V/Ni and saturate fraction were used to classify the oils. Oils are classified into two groups. Group I contains oil samples from Gindi, South deep Abu-gharadig and Abu-gharadig, and Dahab-Merier that are generated from organic matter input deposited in marine environment under anoxic to suboxic conditions. Group II from Faghur basin possess high Pr/Ph ratios suggesting high contribution of terreginous organic matter deposited under relatively oxic conditions.     

The impact of seismic interpretation on the hydrocarbon trapping at Falak field,Meleiha, Western Desert,Egypt

The object from this study is to find ways to develop field and discover the possible reservoirs and appropriate solutions to avoid the problems we have faced before in the drilled wells that led to drilling dry wells close to producing wells. A set of twenty reflection sections have been used to highlight the subsurface structural setting and the hydrocarbons entrapment styles in Falak field in the northern Western Desert, this is achieved through an integrated geological and geophysical studies utilizing a number of maps and cross sections, all of that for demonstrating all the chances for exploring or developing the field. The reflectors are Ras-Qattara formation, Khatatba-2D member, Masajid formation, Alam El Beuib 3G member, AEB 3F member, AEB 3E member, AEB 3D member, AEB 2A member, AEB 1 member, Alamein Dolomite formation, Dahab Shale member, Kharita formation, Bahariya 5 member, Bahariya 4 member, Bahariya 1 member, Abu Roash “G” member, Abu Roash “E” member, Abu Roash “A” member, and the Apollonia formation. The N-S and E-W trending seismic sections revealed normal faults forming shape seems to be horsts all over the mapped field, these faults led to thin Cretaceous section in the up thrown block area compared to thick section on the downthrown block of the two main faults, for some instances dry hole conditions occur due to missing of structural closure on both the up thrown block and the downthrown. The TWT maps on the top of the traced reflectors reveal different structural closures with set of normal faults constructing three way dip closure in most of these faults and big shape like horst.     

巴彦浩特地震资料处理技术

巴彦浩特盆地沙漠区的二维地震资料原始信噪比低、静校正量大,针对该区资料特点,在资料处理中采用了低降速带模型与交互迭代静校正,F－K速度滤波,区域异常振幅衰减,地表一致性补偿,人工交互拾取叠加速度,保护浅层信息,衰减随机噪声等技术为主的处理流程和手段,获得了较好的处理效果,为地质解释人员提供了较高信噪比的地震剖面。     

Oil-source rock correlations of Jurassic and Cretaceous oils in the West Khalda area,North Western Desert,Egypt

Oil-source rock correlations are used in this study in order to achieve their relationship, depositional environments, and diagenetic processes in the source rocks. For this purpose many parameters are used, e.g., gross composition of oil and source rock extracts, and biomarker analyses. Ten representative oil samples and seven source rock hydrocarbon extracts were analyzed using relative geochemical analyses, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results revealed a genetic close relation between them and supported the indigenous mixed source of Alam El Bueib oil, which related to different sources, including Khatatba, Alam El Bueib, and Bahariya formations. Accordingly, Alam El Bueib formation can be considered as an important source for petroleum generation in that area.     

An examination of family adjustment among Operation Desert Storm veterans.

This study examined interrelationships among combat exposure, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and family adjustment in a sample of male and female Operation Desert Storm veterans (N = 1,512). In structural equation models for both male and female veterans, higher combat exposure was associated with higher PTSD symptoms, which in turn were associated with poorer family adjustment, although these indirect effects did not reach statistical significance. The model for female veterans evidenced a significant direct negative association between combat exposure and family adjustment when it statistically accounted for PTSD symptoms. When the relative impacts of separate PTSD symptom groupings were examined, those reflecting withdrawal/numbing symptoms and arousal/lack of control symptoms significantly and indirectly accounted for the negative effects of combat exposure on family adjustment. Study findings indicate a number of possible pathways through which war-zone deployments negatively impact military families and suggest several avenues for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

荒漠草原恢复文献综述

草地是世界上分布最广的植被类型之一,是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,在减缓全球变化中起着重要的作用。草地退化是我国天然草地面临的突出问题,已经威胁到社会和经济的正常发展。从自然因素和社会因素角度分析草地退化原因,起主导作用的是人类的活动和不合理的资源利用导致草地面积减少,覆盖度降低。本文结合近几年前人对这一问题的看法,综合其研究,以期为合理利用、科学管理天然草地提供理论基础。