公园绿地与居住用地的空间耦合模式及影响 因素——以南京为例

深入探测公园绿地与居住用地的空间耦合模式及影 响因素,是高效协同两者发展、营造高品质人居环境的基础。 结合土地利用、POI等多源数据,借助空间聚类分析、地理 探测器等方法,基于南京主城区街道单元,系统揭示2006、 2012、2017、2020年公园绿地与居住用地的空间耦合模 式,并探究其影响因素。结果表明：1)公园绿地的规模增长滞 后于居住用地,古城区格局稳定,主城边缘变化突出;2)公 园绿地与居住用地的空间聚集趋势波动性减弱,形成高水平耦 合、低水平耦合、公园绿地主导、居住用地主导4种空间耦合 模式;3)空间耦合受自然条件的核心支撑、规划政策的关键导 向、邻里特征的辅助催化作用。相关规律有助于深化公园绿地 与居住用地的空间耦合理论,为城市宜居环境规划与建设提供 科学依据。     

基于MODIS 数据的南京市夏季城市热岛分析

城市热岛效应是当前城市环境与气候主要研究内容之一。地表温度与气温之间有紧密的联系, 通过遥感反演地表温度已成为研究城市热岛的有效手段。利用MODIS 数据, 获取地表比辐射率与大气透过率2 个基本参数, 运用劈窗算法反演南京市夏季地表温度。基于不同时相的MODIS数据, 对4 幅南京市地表温度反演图像作对比分析, 较好地显示了南京市城市热岛的空间分布、热岛范围和城市热岛强度, 结果表明南京市夏季热岛问题较为严重。     

南京六合地区雨花石的XRD研究

通过X射线衍射（XRD）对南京六合地区的6种不同种类的雨花石进行分析研究。结果表明雨花石主要组成矿物是石英,不同种类的雨花石在67°~69°的XRD谱线存在一定差异,据此计算的水晶类雨花石的结晶度指数明显高于其他种类雨花石,指示其具有不同成因。     

气候变化对南京主要作物需水量的影响

采用Mann-Kendall方法计算南京1951—2005年的作物需水量,结合气象因素的变化趋势,分析气候变化对南京主要作物需水量的影响,提出应对气候变化的措施。结果表明:夏作水稻、棉花和玉米的需水量减少,主要与夏季增温不明显以及降雨增加、日照时数减少和风速显著降低有关;冬小麦和油菜需水量呈增加趋势,主要因为冬春季增温趋势率最大,日照时数减少和风速的下降不足以抵消气温升高和湿度降低的影响。认为温度变化会改变作物种植制度,可能带来作物总需水量的增加,因此实施节水灌溉非常必要,尤其是推行水稻蓄水控灌,可减少灌排定额,减小温室效应,降低气候变化对水稻生产的影响。     

南京近代建筑的保护,利用和改造

南京是著名的历史文化名城，有着深厚的传统文化基础。文章从城市规划中保持历史的连续性与突破性，近代建筑与新环境建筑的统一和协调。近代建筑的利用和更新三方面，论及南京在现代化城市建筑中是如何保护近代优秀建筑的。     

新征途·新挑战·新探索──南京大学建筑研究所成立

南京大学建筑研究所于２０００年１２月成立。它将以综合性、研究型和国际化作为奋斗目标和方向,积极进行学科建设。为此确立了走高起点、高目标和高速度的办学道路,准备在新的征途中,迎接新的挑战,探索我国建筑教育办学的新模式。     

南京市商贸发展战略与规划对策

商贸业是城市公共活动的重要组成部分 ,商贸业的发展在新时代、新经济发展的背景下 ,面临很多的挑战。介绍了南京市商贸业在新时代、新经济背景下的发展战略 ,提出了具体规划对策 ,并对商贸业的发展提出了具体的支撑对策     

Deciphering built form complexity of Chinese cities through plot recognition: A case study of Nanjing,China

Dramatic changes in the economic systems and land rights in the recent history of China yielded unique but complex urban forms for many cities. The complexity of urban form is mostly manifested as ambiguous relations between elements of the physical form and between the physical form and human behavior. Currently, these ambiguities become obstacles that increasingly hinder urban regeneration. However, despite the fast-growing research on the morphology of Chinese cities, our understanding of the complexity of their built form is still in its infancy. Taking the city of Nanjing as the case study, this study attempts to decipher the complexity of its built form by investigating its plot patterns. Six samples, dating back to different development periods, are selected and analyzed in terms of both a physical entity and a unit of property. The results show that the complexity of plots is largely attributable to the inconsistency between their spatial boundaries as physical entities and as units of property. Accordingly, the plots of all six samples are re-recognized and two generic types of plot sub-series, co-inflection and embeddedness, are developed as a prism to decipher the built form complexity. The findings contribute to the theory on the compositional hierarchy of urban forms and may shed light on the urban regeneration of Chinese cities as well.     

Designing Attention—Research on Landscape Experience Through Eye Tracking in Nanjing Road Pedestrian Mall (Street) in Shanghai

To understand the attention distribution and visual cognition in streets, this study conducted an experiment on Nanjing Road Pedestrian Mall (Street) using Head-mounted eye-trackers. Participants’ attention distribution were analyzed via Area Of Interest (AOI) during real-life walking scenarios, combining with several experiment tasks (i.e., destination selection, point-of-interest photography, and in-depth interviews), to capture participants’ naturalistic decision-making. The study combined automatic semantic segmentation with manual audit to code participants’ attention fixation duration and proportion by AOIs. A new indicator „information density,” which is the ratio of the attention percentage to the exposure percentage of a given environmental element, was introduced to describe the efficiency of environmental elements on attracting attentions. Findings revealed information density varies across environmental elements: higher information density was found in sign, building entrance, brand name, and poster; the lower was found in building, sky, and ground; while tree and person fell in between. Findings hence suggest environmental elements of higher information density (such as business signs) should be systematically designed to enhance desired experiences. Findings also indicated that personalized experiences are more likely to induce positive associations about environment which eventually lead to place attachment.     

建成环境及个体特征对大城市居民超重肥胖的影响研究——以南京为例

随着城市化的不断深入,超重肥胖作为慢性病之源成为影响公众健康的重要因素,在此背景下如何主动改善这一健康问题成为当前多学科交叉研究的热点。以南京为案例研究地,借助问卷调查方法,试图探究建成环境和个体特征对大城市居民超重肥胖的影响,以期为相关研究与实践提供一定参考。分析结果表明:①非健康/健康食品店比率、地铁站点密度、公园密度、绿地率等建成环境要素对超重肥胖具有显著正向或负向影响;②素食为主、饮食口味偏淡、少饮酒的生活习惯,能够减少超重肥胖风险;③男性和年龄较大者是超重肥胖的风险人群。并进一步指出,需注重从空间干预的角度营造有助于减少超重肥胖健康风险的人居环境;同时公众宣传应当倡导健康饮食习惯,关注风险人群的身体质量指数,同时重视超重肥胖长期潜伏的特点,加强对中青年人群超重肥胖的预防。