Opportunities for Sustainable Mining Pit Lakes in Australia

Abstract.  Due to operational and regulatory practicalities, pit lakes will continue to be common legacies of mine lease relinquishments. Unplanned or inappropriate management of these geographical features can lead to both short- and long-term liability to mining companies, local communities, and the nearby environment during mining operations or after lease relinquishment. However, the potential for pit lakes to provide benefit to companies, communities, and the environment is frequently unrecognised and yet may be a vital contribution to the sustainability of the open-cut mining industry. Sustainable pit lake management aims to minimise short and long term pit lake liabilities and maximise short and long term pit lake opportunities. Improved remediation technologies are offering more avenues for pit lakes resource exploitation than ever before, at the same time mining companies, local communities, and regulatory authorities are becoming more aware of the benefit these resources can offer.     

十屋油田SN17和SN18区块沉积相研究

以岩心、测井及综合录井等资料为基础,对十屋油田SN17,SN18区块营城组和沙河子组的沉积相进行了分析。通过区内取心井单井相分析的同时,研究沉积构造、岩石微相特征,识别沉积微相与测井曲线间的关系,建立微相的测井相模式。研究表明本区为湖泊一扇三角洲沉积体系,主要发育扇三角洲前缘、浅湖等亚相,进一步划分为水下分流河道、河口坝、浅湖砂坝等微相。研究区沉积微相的划分以及沉积相模式图的建立将有助于油田的精细开发。     

沉淀法分离高镁锂比盐湖卤水的研究现状

锂及其化合物因具有许多重要的特性而被广泛应用,尤其在新能源(锂电池)领域占有无法替代的地位。中国盐湖锂资源极为丰富,且多为高镁锂比的盐湖卤水,但锂资源的开发利用尚存在技术障碍。为此,结合笔者的研究成果,本文对沉淀法分离提取高镁锂比盐湖卤水的研究现状以及各方法的优缺点进行了归纳总结。     

牛轭湖岩性油藏的特征及描述

桩106井区油藏基本地质特征研究揭示油藏类型为牛轭湖沉积的岩性油藏。牛轭湖沉积河道砂岩泥岩的特定组合形式使牛轭湖沉积体呈强地震反射特征，可应用水平切片技术和三维立体显示技术对牛轭湖沉积砂岩体进行追踪和描述。储层厚度、振幅和频率分析方法则用于对牛轭湖沉积砂岩体进行含油性研究。实践表明，应用这些方法取得了较好的效果。     

用中子活化法研究镜泊湖水体中多种微量元素的含量及分布特征

未受明显污染的天然水中多数微量元素的含量一般在ppt至ppb级。中子活化分析法具有很高的灵敏度和足够的准确度,可以成功地用于测定天然水中的多种低浓度微量元素,在地球化学和环境科学研究中是一种有力的分析工具。本工作采用两种预浓集方法配合中子活化和γ谱仪测量,研究了牡丹江上游镜泊湖水中23种微量元素的含量及分布。牡丹江为松花江的主要支流之一,其上游的镜泊湖地区工业很少,湖水中微量元素的含量受人类生产活动     

南襄盆地泌阳断陷第三纪湖泊演化探讨

采用层序地层学理论与方法,综合泌阳断陷湖盆的地质及地震资料,以构造不整合面或构造应力转换面作为界面,识别并划分构造层序,进而探讨泌阳断陷湖盆的成盆机制与成盆史;通过泌阳断陷区地震剖面上反射特征的研究及反射界面的识别,标定并划分地震层序,据此建立断陷湖盆的等时层序地层框架,以揭示泌阳断陷湖盆的沉积充填史。在对研究区沉积层序单元逐级划分与剖析的基础上,识别出陆相层序的“似凝缩段”,并系统地采集研究区下第三系不同沉积层序“似凝缩段”中的泥质岩石样品,经全岩样X射线荧光光谱分析,获取下第三系不同层位水溶性离子浓度在垂向剖面上的分布特征,以研究早第三纪泌阳断陷湖盆古湖泊类型演变历程。结果表明,泌阳断陷湖盆沉积充填史划分为三个阶段:初始断陷充填阶段、主断陷充填阶段及坳陷充填阶段,并分别对应着三个构造层序。其中第二阶段包括强烈断陷充填、稳定断陷充填及断陷萎缩充填三个亚阶段,其沉积速率有由大到小的变化规律。早第三纪泌阳断陷湖盆经历了四个演化历程:山前洪水洼地→硫酸盐型滨浅湖→正常湖泊→碳酸盐型或硫酸盐型滨浅湖;相应地,湖盆南部边缘(陡坡带)和北部边缘(缓坡带)沉积楔状体演变过程分别为:冲积扇→陡坡型扇三角洲→缓坡型扇三角洲→冲积扇和冲积扇→三角洲→冲积扇。随着硫酸盐类矿物沉淀的增多,泌阳断陷湖盆最终走向消亡。     

湖库富营养化综合评价的属性识别模型

应用属性识别模型对我国的于桥水库、巢湖、玄武湖富营养化进行评价，评价结果得出，于桥水库为中富营养级、巢湖为富营养级、玄武湖为重富营养级，这一评价结果与模糊综合评价模型的评价结果相一致，同时该方法简单，更适合于有标准的系统质量评价问题。     

南京玄武湖清淤前后底泥主要污染指标的变化

南京玄武湖1998年初实施了清淤疏浚工程，试图以此削减湖泊内源污染负荷，控制富营养化．比较分析清淤前后：（1996—2000年)玄武湖沉积物中主要污染指标的变化，结果表明，清淤后的次年沉积物中总磷略有下降，但其后又呈现上升趋势，氮在清淤后呈现明显的上升趋势；沉积物中重金属含量除Zn在局部湖区呈下降趋势外，其余重金属在清淤后均呈现上升趋势，Hg的上升趋势最为明显；Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr清淤前(1996—1998年)已经出现下降趋势，但是清淤后反而呈现上升趋势．     

武汉东湖沉积物磷负荷研究

在10个点位采集东湖柱状沉积物，分析总磷垂直和水平分布特征，定义了沉积物总磷表观本底值(TPb)和超额磷负荷(Tpex)，并计算了东湖各点位的超额磷负荷；调查和实验表明Tpex与水体的含磷量TPex具有良好的相关关系。     

Bacterial glucose mineralization in acid-stressed lake sediments

This paper reports the findings of an investigation in which glucose mineralization by the benthic microbiota of acid-stressed Silver Lake, Ontario, Canada, was quantitated as a function of season. Attempts were also made to measure the mineralization response when the microbiota were subjected to near neutral pH conditions.

Comparisons made on the basis of V_max values revealed that the heterotrophic potential varied according to season, being lowest during the winter and highest during the summer. Also, an unexpected decrease in heterotrophic potential was realized for all samplings at an experimental, circumneutral pH. These results, in combination with observed, higher bacterial cell counts at the experimental pH, indicate that a fraction of the heterotrophic population is incapable of glucose mineralization at the higher pH, and are evidence of the existence of acidophilic bacteria in acid-stressed aquatic environments. Pre-incubation studies showed that the differences in heterotrophic potentials persisted for up to 15 days, the longest pre-incubation period examined.