Characterization of the rust formed on weathering steel exposed to Qinghai salt lake atmosphere

The product formed on weathering steel exposed to salt lake atmosphere for 12 months was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared transmission spectroscopy (IRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA) and electrochemical techniques. The rust was mainly composed of β-FeOOH, Fe₈(O,OH)₁₆Cl_1.3 and a little γ-FeOOH. Amorphous δ-FeOOH was only on skyward surface. The rust layer suppressed anodic reaction and facilitated the cathodic reaction. The very small value of rust resistance R_r in this work indicated that the rust had poor protective ability. Cl element was rich in the whole rust layer and played an important role in accelerating the corrosion of weathering steel in salt lake atmosphere.     

江汉盐湖盆地盐间非砂岩储层特征及储层类型

江汉盐湖盆地盐间储层的岩性以泥质碳酸盐岩为主,碳酸盐质泥岩,混合岩次之,夹部分泥质钙芒硝岩,属碳酸盐－泥质物－钙芒硝三者的混合岩类,储层孔隙结构复杂,束缚水饱和高度,有效采收率较低,在层理缝和构造裂缝均不发育的情况下难以形成有经济效益的工业产能。成像测井,常规测井与岩心观测资料对比证实,盐间储集层可分为单一裂缝型,断裂破碎型,孔隙裂缝双渗流型,层理发育孔隙型和层理不发育孔隙型等5种,用成像测井及常规测井资料能够识别和划分盐间储层类型。     

吐哈盆地台北凹陷西部油源浅析

吐哈盆地是我国唯一发现的一个油气以煤成油为主的盆地,其中台北凹陷是吐哈盆地的主体凹陷,也是发现油气最多的凹陷。以丘陵构造带为界,可将台北凹陷分为东西两部分。东部原油的特征具有典型的煤成油特征,西部原油的特征则界于湖相油和煤成油之间。从表面上看,西部原油特征具有混源特征,但从原油碳同位素、饱芳比、姥植比等指标的分布区间进行分析,西部原油这些指标值的分布区间明显小于东部原油。因此,西部原油不可能由湖相油和煤成油混合而成,而是由性质界于典型湖相泥岩和煤系源岩之间的中、下侏罗统湖相泥岩所生成。根据石油地质综合分析,胜北次凹的前侏罗系烃源岩并非台北凹陷西部原油的油源。      

青海盐湖资源综合开发利用及动态平衡

介绍了青海盐湖资源综合开发利用情况 ,主要是利用盐湖资源生产钾肥、冶炼金属镁、生产锂盐及金属锂的工艺及研究现状 ,阐述了盐湖资源利用的动态平衡关系     

滨海城市防洪防潮工程措施

沿海城市会遇到潮水和河洪碰头的情况,设计时应加以重视,充分考虑各种不利因素的组合。结合工程实例介绍了抬高城市用地高程;海堤防潮、山洪外排、内湖调蓄;设置排涝泵站及分洪渠道等几种防洪防潮工程措施。     

我国锂盐工业的现状及技术进展

分析我国锂盐工业的资源状况、生产现状及技术进展情况,研究提出发展思路和对策,展望我国锂盐工业的发展前景。     

舞阳盐湖盆地地层压力特征与成因机理探讨

本文针对舞阳陆相盐湖盆地盐泥互层的地层结构特殊性,从盆地内异常流体压力分布特征出发,结合盆地埋藏史和热演化史,分析探讨其形成机理。压力计算结果表明盐湖盆地内异常流体压力可分为浅、中、深3套压力封闭体系:浅层为渐变过渡中等异常高压体系;中间盐泥间互发育段为多套低异常高压体系;深部为突变高异常压力体系。异常压力的形成主要与快速沉降造成不均衡压实引起的非渗透性岩层中流体不能排泄出的欠压实作用有关,还与水热增压、有机物转化成烃及构造挤压等有关。      

渤中凹陷大型湖泊三角洲的发育特征及油气勘探前景

渤中凹陷东营组内发育了内陆湖盆中罕见的大型湖泊三角洲 ,其规模与海相盆地三角洲相当。通过渤中凹陷下第三系层序地层格架及其充填样式与构造特征的分析 ,探讨了东营组底部大规模超覆不整合、局部侵蚀削截不整合的表现形式 ,沙河街组与东营组之间的沉积—构造转换 ,东营组大型湖泊三角洲发育的地质背景和东二段大规模三角洲沉积体系的沉积特征与油气勘探前景。     

Microbial Alkalinity Production to Prevent Reacidification of Neutralized Mining Lakes

Abstract.  Microbial alkalinity production was evaluated as a method to prevent reacidification of neutralized mining lakes by acidic ground and seepage water. We used 60 L mesocosms to represent the sediment and water column of a shallow acidic mine lake. To enhance alkalinity production, acidic and neutralized lake waters were treated with either phosphorus (controlled eutrophication) or organic matter (controlled saprobization). Controlled eutrophication could not produce enough autochthonous biomass as substrate for microbial alkalinity production to change the acidity of the water. Chemical pre-neutralization of the acidic water caused the inorganic carbon concentration to increase, but at the same time, hindered algae growth by reducing the availability of phosphate by sorption to the freshly precipitated iron hydroxide. This effect was so strong that even high phosphorus additions could not increase the algae biomass production. In contrast to controlled eutrophication, controlled saprobization produced significant alkalinity. Despite inhibition of the most important alkalinity producing process, namely microbial sulfate reduction, by low pH values, the microbial alkalinity production rate was not affected by pre-neutralization of the water column. Other alkalinity producing processes raised the pH in the reactive zone until sulfate reduction was no longer inhibited.     

中国盐湖卤水提锂产业化技术研究进展

近年来,在新能源产业的推动下,新能源汽车和储能技术快速发展,带动锂盐消费飞速增长。目前,全球锂盐产业一片火热,正在跑马圈地和快速扩产中。中国拥有丰富的锂资源,尤其是盐湖卤水锂资源,而且通过多年技术攻关和产业化实践,中国盐湖卤水提锂技术逐渐成熟,新技术不断涌现,在全球锂盐行情火热的背景下,中国锂盐湖具备快速扩产的潜力。介绍了中国目前已经成功产业化的盐湖卤水提锂技术,分析各技术的优缺点,探讨正在研究中的有望实现产业化应用的提锂新技术,并研判了盐湖卤水提锂技术的发展方向,从绿色高效提锂工艺的角度出发,对于盐湖锂资源供应未来的发展趋势进行了分析和展望。通过研究,有望对中国盐湖提锂行业技术现状和技术发展方向有较清晰的认识,并对今后国内外锂盐湖的开发提供技术参考。