Carbonization of coals to produce anisotropic cokes. 1. Modifying activities of some additives in the co-carbonization of low-rank coals

Using low-rank coals, the modifying activities of some petroleum, coal tar and aromatic hydrocarbon additives have been examined to find procedures for their utilization in the preparation of blast furnace coke. Petroleum pitch, especially after hydrogenation, exhibited excellent modifying activity even with non-fusible coals. In contrast, the activity of coal tar was very limited with such coals. The napththenic component, revealed by n.m.r. of the additives, appears to be important in the co-carbonization by inducing fusibility and anisotropic development in such coals. Co-carbonization to recover the dehydrogenated additives was attempted. However, there was no development of the anisotropy in the resultant coke by dissolution of the coal particles although the coal particles were firmly fixed in the matrix. Acid-refluxing treatment of non-fusible coals was found to enhance their modification susceptibility, indicating that some of the acid-soluble mineral matter is important in the thermal depolymerization or fusion process of the coal.     

延长大型露天矿铁路运输服务年限的浅见

大型露天矿在由山坡型转入深凹型开采后,随着运输条件的恶化,将单一的准轨铁路运输,改变为铁路—汽车联合运输,以延长铁路运输的服务年限,为此,需要解决提高电力机车运输性能、改造运输线路系统等问题。     

Mössbauer studies of iron-bearing minerals in coal and coal ash

⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy has been used to characterize the iron-bearing minerals present in some British Columbia coals. The minerals observed in a range of samples include pyrite/marcasite, siderite, jarosite, rozenite or melanterite, and Fe²⁺ -bearing clay minerals such as illite. The presence of jarosite is confirmed through the magnetic hyperfine interaction observed at 4.2 K. The absence of magnetic ordering at 4.2 K for the ferrous sulphate component indicates the presence of rozenite, FeS0₄ · 4H₂0, or melanterite, FeS0₄ · 7H₂0, rather than szomolnokite, FeS0₄ · H₂0 or FeS0₄. The effects of ashing on two of the coals is also studied.     

Some aspects of the analysis of coal by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy

Bituminous coal samples from 84 distinct sources were analysed by conventional British Standards (BS) methods for phosphorus, sulphur, chlorine, ash and the ash-forming elements (calcium, silicon, aluminium, iron, sodium, magnesium, potassium, titanium and manganese). In most cases four determinations were made per element per source. Samples were crushed to ?212 μm (72 BS mesh) and pressed into aluminium cups at 20 t in^?2 (309 MPa) without binder or backing. Two pellets from each sample were analysed by wave-length dispersive X-ray fluorescence techniques, using a spectrometer equipped with a rhodium rube; the X-ray count took 60 s. The X-ray results were calibrated against the conventional results using multiple regression. The accuracy obtained was comparable with routine ‘wet chemical’ techniques. The X-ray technique is suitable for the routine determination of large numbers of samples.     

关于煤炭硫分分级的探讨

根据国家质量技术监督局的计划安排,国家标准GB／T15224－1994《煤炭质量分级》需要修订。本文主要讨论“煤炭硫分分级”方面的内容。     

在线煤灰分检测技术在中国的应用

介绍了应用双能量γ射线透射法测量煤灰分的技术原理及特点;清华大学工程物理系采用该法研制的在线煤灰分仪应用在选煤厂可以指导生产,保证产品质量,提高选煤效率,还可用于介耗<2kg/t的重介质选煤厂及自动配煤系统,为企业创造了显著的经济效益。     

单螺杆挤出过程的数值模拟

以三段七区物理模型为基础，采用面向对象程序设计语言VisualC ，对整个单螺杆挤出过程进行了数值模拟。所得压力。温度等工艺参数的模拟结果与实验值吻合较好，说明采用数学模型的正确性和数值算法的可行性。     

色谱法分析煤气总硫

铂丝还原滴定法在测量干法脱硫后硫化物含量时，测量数据偏离实际结果，容易造成触媒中毒。提出了用气相色谱火焰光度检测器测定的方法，使数据更可靠、准确。     

Carbonization reactions of inertinite macerals in Australian coals

Widespread disagreement about the degree of reactivity of the inertinite group of macerais is related to variations in experimental conditions of assessment and failure to appreciate technological modifications imposed on similar macerals by dissimilar source materials and depositional conditions. This has resulted in the constant under-estimation of the coking potential of post-Carboniferous inertinite-rich coals by predictive methods developed for vitrinite-rich Carboniferous coals. Coking tests up to 1000 °C have been carried out on 20 coals of different rank in such a manner that coked portions of the samples could be correlated with their uncoked equivalents. It has been found that an inverse relationship exists between the level of precarbonization reflectance (PCR) of inertinite and the reflectance and bireflectance of its coke. The increase in the latter parameter is non-linear and involves a sudden jump which is taken as the boundary between reactive (high bireflectance) and non-reactive (low bireflectance) inertinite. In relation to coal rank a reactivity field for inertinite has been delineated which can be subdivided into two areas of high and moderate reactivity, respectively. On the whole, the proportion of reactive inertinite is larger than allowed for in most petrography-based coke stability calculations.     

Shell煤气化技术

介绍气化效率高、有利于环保、具有一定竞争力的Shell煤气化工艺原理、技术特点及关键设备。建议尽快实现关键技术和设备的国产化。