Valves for autonomous capillary systems

Autonomous capillary systems (CSs) are microfluidic systems inside which liquids move owing to capillary forces. CSs can in principle bring the high-performances of microfluidic-based analytical devices to near patient and environmental testing applications. In this paper, we show how wettable capillary valves can enhance CSs with novel functionalities, such as delaying and stopping liquids in microchannels. The valves employ an abruptly changing geometry of the flow path to delay a moving liquid filling front in a wettable microchannel. We show how to combine delay valves with capillary pumps, prevent shortcuts of liquid along the corners of microfluidic channels, stop liquids filling microchannels from a few seconds to over 30 min, trigger valves using two liquid fronts merging, and time a liquid using parallel microfluidic paths converging to a trigger valve. All together, these concepts should add functionality to passive microfluidic systems without departing from their initial simplicity of use. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

An adaptive associative memory system based on autonomous reaction between image memories

To construct a “thinking-like” processing system, a new architecture of an adaptive associative memory system is proposed. This memory system treats “images” as basic units of information, and adapts to the environment of the external world by means of autonomous reactions between the images. The images do not have to be clear, distinct symbols or patterns; they can be ambiguous, indistinct symbols or patterns as well. This memory system is a kind of neural network made up of nodes and links called a localist spreading activation network. Each node holds one image in a localist manner. Images in high-activity nodes interact autonomously and generate new images and links. By this reaction between images, various forms of images are generated automatically under constraints of links with adjacent nodes. In this system, three simple image reaction operations are defined. Each operation generates a new image by combining pseudofigures or features and links of two images. This work was presented, in part, at the Fourth International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 19–22, 1999     

竹塑复合材料在宁夏灌区末级渠系 衬砌中的应用研究

宁夏灌区末级渠系渠道衬砌率低,冻胀破坏和渗漏损失严重,灌区农业灌溉水利用系数仅为0.42。而且,灌区末级渠系的衬砌改造一直全部采用混凝土刚性材料进行防渗,存在的问题较多。为此,引进了技术先进、价格合理、适应性强的竹塑复合材料进行末级渠系衬砌,以改善灌区输水条件,延长衬砌工程使用寿命,实现水资源高效利用。本文从水力条件、节水效果、耕地占用、维修养护、施工速度等方面对传统混凝土渠道与竹塑复合材料衬砌渠道的特性进行了分析比较,并进行了相关综合经济效益评价。     

宁夏北部引黄灌区高效节水灌溉发展思路与建议

在总结引黄灌区高效节水灌溉成就基础上,分析了灌区高效节水灌溉推广存在的问题,提出了灌区发展高效节水灌溉的思路与模式.结合灌区“十二五”高效节水灌溉规划,提出了推广高效节水灌溉的建议,认为要推动灌区高效节水技术广泛应用,在政府的扶持、调控和引导下,除了设计单位优化设计、确定合理灌溉制度,施工单位保质保量完成工程外,还需抓好推广服务体系建设,开展节水设备产品检测认证工作,并进行节水技术培训与宣传工作.     

Assessing the SALSA architecture for developing agent-based ambient computing applications

We have proposed the use of autonomous agents for coping with some of the challenges of creating ambient computing systems. The motivation of this research is that ambient computing environments are characterized by the distribution, reactivity, collaboration and adaptation of their artifacts, which are also characteristics attributed to software agents. To assist developers in creating the software entities of an ambient computing environment, the Simple Agent Library for Smart Ambients (SALSA) was created. The SALSA middleware and architecture enables the creation of autonomous agents reactive to the context of the ambient computing environment. SALSA agents can represent users, resources, or wrap complex system functionality of the environment. The aim of this paper is to provide evidence that SALSA facilitates the implementation of ambient computing services through autonomous agents. Unfortunately, the literature on Ubicomp development frameworks has, aside from a few exceptions, not reported experimental evaluation of their usability. The evaluations of Ubicomp development platforms have not addressed this issue since their evaluations have been mostly focused on performance and to prove feasibility. We present the results of an empirical evaluation conducted to assess the use of SALSA. This study included in-lab programming experiments and design exercises to evaluate the programming facilities provided by SALSA agents. Even though for some of the evaluation participants the use of autonomous agents as an abstraction for the development of ubiquitous computing systems was not innate, the evaluation results demonstrate that the execution model of SALSA and its facilities to implement Ubicomp systems are comprehensible.     

宁夏遥感影像旅游地图的编制

为更加充分地展示宁夏地貌、地形特点,选用平面制图软件CorelDRAW12,从宁夏遥感影像地图的整体设计、特色符号设计、绘制地图等方面制作宁夏遥感影像旅游地图,使其成为独具宁夏文化旅游特色的旅游地图,并把宁夏旅游信息传递给各地游客．     

宁夏寒冷地区骨干渠道砌护技术研究

对宁夏灌区骨干渠道砌护情况进行了调查,分析了渠道结构破坏的形式、部位与程度,并对不同边坡砌护结构、渠底砌护结构和防渗、保温、排水方式的组合进行了试验研究。提出了适合寒冷地区的骨干渠道砌护三类模式:现浇混凝土坡脚、预制混凝土板坡脚、格宾石笼坡脚。选用砌护结构形式,要先确定渠身地下水位变化范围、边坡地质岩性、挖方渠道周围水环境,还要兼顾工程投资能力。     

宁夏南部山区中小学体操教学现状调查与对策研究

通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法对宁夏南部山区中小学体操教学现状进行调查研究,结果表明,该地区中小学体操体育师资数量结构合理,但存在教学场地器材短缺、体操专项师资偏少、体操教学开展不足等问题.针对该地区体操教学存在的问题提出了相应的对策,为促进该地区中小学体操教学发展提供了参考.     

丝绸之路与汉代西域的毛纺织技术

以新疆洛浦县山普拉出土的汉代毛纺织物为研究样本,通过对服装、装饰带、缀织绦、毛毯等出土文物的分析,指出:丝绸之路的开通使得希腊艺术、中原艺术、草原游牧民族艺术与本土艺术得到了前所未有的交融和并行的发展,汉代西域毛纺织技术展示了汉代时期西域地区民族文化的一个侧面,它是丝绸之路上中外纺织技术交流发展的结果.     

场地平土和雨水管网的综合优化设计

通过寻求最小土石填挖量的场地标高和坡度设计,在满足土石填挖平衡的基础上,分析了场地平土的优化设计.同时在给定场地坡度的前提下,分析了雨水管网的布置,得出最优的管线布置.其次,将场地平土和雨水管网布置结合起来,在统一考虑场地平土坡度对平土费用和雨水管网布置费用影响的基础上,得出了二者总体费用最小的综合优化模型.最后,通过实例与分步设计方案费用的比较,证实了该综合优化模型的有效性.