高频预焊缺陷对埋弧焊接质量的影响及控制

为了研究高频预焊缺陷对COE直缝埋弧焊钢管焊接质量的影响,简述了高频感应预焊的工艺过程及特点,介绍了其焊接过程中常见的断弧、焊瘤、错边、开裂、坡口损伤等缺陷,分析了焊接缺陷产生的原因,并从坡口设计、管坯成型、焊接工艺参数、操作方法、补焊等各工序角度提出了预焊质量控制措施,有效减少了预焊缺陷的产生,实现埋弧焊管生产质量和效率的提高。     

Tensile, creep, and ABI tests on sn5%sb solder for mechanical property evaluation

Sn5%Sb is one of the materials considered for replacing lead containing alloys for soldering in electronic packaging. We evaluated the tensile properties of the bulk material at varied strain-rates and temperatures (to 473K) to determine the underlying deformation mechanisms. Stress exponents of about three and seven were observed at low and high stresses, respectively, and very low activation energies for creep (about 16.7 and 37.7 kJ/mole) were noted. A maximum ductility of about 350% was noted at ambient temperature. Creep tests performed in the same temperature regime also showed two distinct regions, albeit with slightly different exponents (three and five) and activation energy (about 54.4 kJ/mole). Ball indentation tests were performed on the shoulder portions of the creep samples (prior to creep tests) using a Stress-Strain Microprobe^@ (Advanced Technology Corporation) at varied indentation rates (strain-rates). The automated ball indentation (ABI) data were at relatively high strain-rates; however, they were in excellent agreement with creep data, while both these results deviated from the tensile test data. Work is planned to perform creep at high stresses at ambient and extend ABI tests to elevated temperatures.     

乙烯裂解炉辐射炉管施工技术

乙烯裂解炉辐射炉管的施工比较复杂,文章结合吉林石化分公司15万t／a乙烯装置节能改造项目的施工实践,介绍了辐射盘管系统施工的准备工作、辐射盘管组装顺序、集管箱开孔及组焊、猪尾管预制安装、辐射盘管吊装等方面的施工经验。     

甲基叔丁基醚热管反应器的数学模拟与分析

通过对合成甲基叔丁基醚热管反应器的传热、传质过程的机理分析,建立了描述反应特性的拟均相二维数学模型。利用工业生产数据对模型进行了验证,计算值与测定值吻合良好。预测了反应器进料温度、液态空速、热管介质温度、进料中异丁烯含量对床层温度分布和反应结果的影响。预测结果表明,通过调节循环冷却水的流量和温度,可有效地控制反应器的温度,获得较佳的轴向温度分布;液态空速高有利于床层的传热,床层热点区域向下游方向移动;反应器入口温度不宜过高,否则易在入口段积累热量;进料中异丁烯的最大允许质量分数不大于30%。     

水平及微倾斜管内油气水三相流流型特性

以4号机械油、自来水和空气为实验介质,对水平及微倾斜有机玻璃管内油气水三相流的流型及其转变特性进行了实验研究。采用观察法和流型识别仪相结合的方法,按照油、水两相的关系以及气液界面总体特征,将管内油气水三相流的流型进行了划分,并给出了相应的流型结构及流型图。以实验数据为基础提出了考虑流动参数变化影响的反相点预测关联式。按照现有的关于气液两相流的流型转变准则以及考虑流动条件的油水乳状液的变化规律,对管内油气水三相流各流型之间的相互转变进行了预测和分析,结果表明,气相的作用使油水分布发生了很大变化,不同流动条件下的油水混合物的物性变化也很大。     

输油管道油流带电的计算模型

给出了层流和紊流条件下新的管道油流带电计算模型。基于Gavis J的放电机理,对管壁-油界面处的边界条件提出了一种新的确定方法。分别推导出了两种流态下简单管道内电荷输运方程的表达式,并对方程的边界条件处理进行了研究。计算模型中考虑了油流速度、油的电导率和油温等因素对油流带电的影响,克服了以往模型中存在着难以确定的变量的缺点。利用计算模型对两条实验油道的油流带电量进行了计算,计算值和实验值的对比结果表明,计算值和实验值比较吻合。     

CYLINDRICAL AND CONICAL FOLD GEOMETRIES IN THE CANTARELL STRUCTURE, SOUTHERN GULF OF MEXICO: IMPLICATIONS FOR HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION

The NW‐SE trending Cantarell structure in the Gulf of Campeche hosts the largest oilfield in Mexico. The oil occurs predominantly in latest Cretaceous – earliest Tertiary breccias with subsidiary reserves in Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian) and Lower Cretaceous oolitic and partially dolomitized limestones, dolomites and shaly limestones. Cantarell has been interpreted both as a fold‐and‐thrust zone and as a dextral transpressional structure. Analysis of structure contours at 100m intervals, on the tops of the Tertiary breccia and the Kimmeridgian (Upper Jurassic) dolomite, indicates that the structure is an upright cylindrical fold with gently plunging conical terminations; there is also a conical portion in the central part of the structure. The axes of the central, NW and SE cones are subvertical. This geometry indicates that the two fold terminations and the central cone are aprons rather than points, with the NW and central cone axes intersecting the cylindrical fold axis at the point where the geometry switches from conical to cylindrical. The apical angle (i.e. the angle between the fold and cone axes) varies as follows: (i) in the NW cone, it is ～70° in the breccia and ～76° in the Kimmeridgian dolomite; (ii) in the central cone, it is ～77° in the breccia and ～73° in the Kimmeridgian dolomite; and (iii) in the SE cone, it is ～64° in the breccia and ～57° in the Kimmeridgian dolomite. This indicates that whereas the fold opens with depth in the NW cone, it tightens with depth in the central and SE cones. Assuming a parallel fold geometry, these apical angles indicate an increase in volume in the NW cone (i.e. larger hydrocarbon reservoirs), compared to the central and SE cones. Theoretical considerations indicate that the curvature increases dramatically towards the point of the cone. In the case of the Cantarell structure, the apices of the cones are located at the conical‐cylindrical fold junctions, where the highest curvature may have resulted in a higher degree of fracturing. The coincidence of maximum curvature and the intersection of the conical and cylindrical fold axes in the fold culminations with porous and permeable reservoir rocks may have made these locations favourable for the accumulation of hydrocarbons.     

气动贯通式潜孔锤反循环连续取心取样钻进新技术在河南钼矿中应用

三道庄钼矿勘探生产中钻遇的地层非常复杂，采用其他方法均无法实现钻进，经过分析比较，决定采用贯通式潜孔锤反循环连续取心（样）钻进新技术来解决该地层钻进难、成孔难、取样难等三大问题。文章从钻进技术特点、工作原理等方面对该技术进行详细分析，得出其具有钻进效率高、岩心（样）采取率高、成孔质量好等突出优点。并介绍了钻进主要设备机具的配套、施工工序、操作要点、遇到问题的解决方法等。在河南钼矿露天采石场应用该项技术，有效避免了塌孔和卡钻事故，工程进展顺利、质量好、岩心（样）采取率在98％以上，取得了良好的效果。针对在生产试验中遇到的某些问题，作者提出了一些改进建议。     

海上油田分层测试分层防砂管柱的研制与应用

针对海上油田高速强采情况下,多个油层一次射孔,同时开采所出现的问题,为摸清各个层的地层情况,应实施分层测试分层防砂工艺。研制的分层测试分层防砂管柱上部接有悬挂丢手封隔器,每层之间用层间封隔器分开,中间接有夹壁滤砂管使每一层形成一独立的封闭单元,每一层单元有一微电脑智能开关,用以控制每一层的开启和关闭,由于有些疏松砂岩油层出砂较严重,还须配以防砂工艺来达到其既能测试又能防砂生产的目的。分层测试分层防砂一体化管柱及测试工艺对于油田细分层系的合理开发以及注水工作的开展具有重要的意义。     

S135钻杆钢在钻井液中的氧腐蚀行为

基于系统的理论分析和现场腐蚀产物的XRD分析,揭示了S135钻杆钢在3%NaCl溶液中的氧腐蚀机理。为研究腐蚀因素与腐蚀速率的关系,通过室内高压釜动态模拟实验,分别研究了钻井液中含氧量、钻井液温度、钻井液流速和钻井液盐浓度对S135钻杆钢的氧腐蚀速率影响规律。实验研究结果表明(1)3%NaCl盐水钻井液对S135钻杆钢的腐蚀主要是氧去极化作用所致;(2)钻井液含氧量和钻井液流速的增加会加快钻杆钢的氧腐蚀速率,而钻井液温度和含盐量对钻杆钢的氧腐蚀速率具有双重作用。