PETROLEUM MIGRATION, FAULTS AND OVERPRESSURE, PART I: CALIBRATING BASIN MODELLING USING PETROLEUM IN TRAPS — A REVIEW

This paper considers the principles of deciphering basin-scale hydrocarbon migration patterns using the geochemical information which is present in trapped petroleum. Petroleum accumulations in subsiding basins can be thought of as "data archives" within which stored information can help us to understand aspects of hydrocarbon formation and migration. This information can impart a time-resolved picture of hydrocarbon migration in a basin in response to processes associated with progressive burial, particularly in the context of the occurrence and periodic activity of faults.
This review, which includes a series of tentative models of migration-related processes in the extensional Halten Terrace area, offshore mid-Norway, illustrates how we can use information from the migrating mobile hydrocarbon phase to improve our knowledge of the static geological system. Of particular importance is the role of sub-seismic heterogeneities and faults in controlling migration processes. We focus on how the secondary migration process can be enhanced in a multi-source rock basin such as the Halten Terrace, thereby increasing prospectivity.     

Applied data science in patient-centric healthcare: Adaptive analytic systems for empowering physicians and patients

We define the emerging research field of applied data science as the knowledge discovery process in which analytic systems are designed and evaluated to improve the daily practices of domain experts. We investigate adaptive analytic systems as a novel research perspective of the three intertwining aspects within the knowledge discovery process in healthcare: domain and data understanding for physician- and patient-centric healthcare, data preprocessing and modelling using natural language processing and (big) data analytic techniques, and model evaluation and knowledge deployment through information infrastructures. We align these knowledge discovery aspects with the design science research steps of problem investigation, treatment design, and treatment validation, respectively. We note that the adaptive component in healthcare system prototypes may translate to data-driven personalisation aspects including personalised medicine. We explore how applied data science for patient-centric healthcare can thus empower physicians and patients to more effectively and efficiently improve healthcare. We propose meta-algorithmic modelling as a solution-oriented design science research framework in alignment with the knowledge discovery process to address the three key dilemmas in the emerging “post-algorithmic era” of data science: depth versus breadth, selection versus configuration, and accuracy versus transparency.     

砂岩透镜体油运移过程模拟及成藏主控因素分析

砂岩透镜体油藏是岩性油气藏中增储上产的重要类型, 但目前对其成藏机理的认识还存在很大分歧。通过二维实验模拟表明:砂岩透镜体自身的物性好坏对其成藏具有重要的影响, 所形成油藏的含油饱和度随着孔隙度、渗透率的增大而增大; 油总从高势区向低势区运移聚集成藏, 势的大小决定了砂岩透镜体成藏的可能性。“相”和“势”相互耦合, 共同控制砂岩透镜体的成藏, 油气成藏动力( 势) 充足时成藏所需要的储层渗透性能下限就相应降低; 相应地, 储集岩渗透性能好, 要求的成藏动力条件( 势) 就可以适当降低。得出了实验条件下透镜体成藏时的“相”和“势”之间的定量模型, 为预测圈闭成藏可能性提供了一个思路。     

Characterisation and modelling of a 5 kW PEMFC for transportation applications

In the framework of the French inter lab SPACT project (fuel cell systems for transportation applications), a 10 kW PEM fuel cell testing bench has been installed in 2002 in the national fuel cell test platform located in Belfort, France. The behaviour of a 5 kW fuel cell, fed with humidified pure hydrogen gas and compressed air, has been investigated by the Laboratory of Electrical Engineering and Systems (L2ES) in association with the French National Institute for Transport and Safety Research (INRETS).     

Simulation of energy saving in Iranian buildings using integrative modelling for insulation

According to one survey on energy consumption in Iran, commercial and building sector consume more energy than any other economic sectors. For example, about 38% of total energy that consumed in year 2001 has been used for space heating. Insulation in external walls of buildings has an important role to reduce the environmental effects on indoor space condition. Therefore, always using insulation is an alternative to avoid from the energy loss. In this paper, the effects of the using of a proper insulation on the energy saving in Iranian buildings are studied. For this purpose, an integrative modelling is used for simulation of the energy consumption in buildings. It is shown that energy consumption per square meter of buildings can be reduced up to 35.2% when insulation is used for external walls.     

A pragmatic approach to wind farm simulations using the dynamic wake meandering model

This paper presents a computationally efficient method for using the dynamic wake meandering model to conduct simulations of wind farm power production. The method is based on creating a database, which contains the time and rotor‐averaged wake effect at any point downstream of a wake‐emitting turbine operating in arbitrary ambient conditions and at an arbitrary degree of wake influence. This database is later used as a look‐up table at runtime to estimate the operating conditions at all turbines in the wind farm, thus eliminating the need to run the dynamic wake meandering model at runtime. By using the proposed method, the time required to conduct wind farm simulations is reduced by three orders of magnitude compared with running the standalone dynamic wake meandering model at runtime. As a result, the wind farm production dynamics for a farm of 100 turbines at 10,000 different sets of ambient conditions run on a normal laptop in 1 h. The method is validated against full scale measurements from the Smøla and OWEZ wind farms, and fair agreement is achieved. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于3D定位的光纤棒内部缺陷检测方法

为检测和定位光纤预制棒的内部缺陷并提高精度,提出一种光线追踪实现3D精确定位的线激光旋转扫描检测方法.利用光散射原理和暗场成像技术,成像设备采集光纤棒每个旋转角纵截面上缺陷的散射光;原始图像经过图像预处理和图像分割获取缺陷的二维信息;基于折射定律和光线追踪建立缺陷的精确定位模型,消除光纤棒表面折射带来的成像位置偏差;最...     

Analysis and simulation of interrupt overhead impact on OS throughput in high‐speed networks

The paper presents analytical and simulation models to study the impact of interrupt overhead on operating system throughput of network elements such as PC‐based routers, servers, and hosts when subjected to high‐speed network traffic. Under such high network traffic, the system throughput will be negatively affected due to interrupt overhead caused by the incoming traffic. We first present an analytical model for the ideal system when interrupt overhead is ignored. We then present two models which describe the impact of high interrupt rate on system throughput. One model is for employing PIO in which network adapters are not equipped with DMA engines, and the other model is for employing DMA in which network adapters are equipped with DMA engines. The paper also describes detailed discrete‐event simulation models for the ideal system and for systems with DMA and PIO. Simulations results as well as reported experimental measurements show that our analytical models are valid and give a good approximation. Our analysis and simulation work can be valuable in providing insight to understand and predict system behaviour, as well as improving and maintaining good host performance. The paper identifies analytically critical design operation points such as that of overload condition. The paper also proposes solutions and recommendations for improving performance. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

交流电动机磁场定向控制的解耦性分析

交流电动机的数学模型比较复杂,动态特性的分析难以理解。空间向量动态结构图能比较直观地表示电机内各变量相互作用的途径,和观察坐标旋转角速度的影响。本文利用空间向量动态结构图分析了交流异步电动机转子磁场定向和定子磁场定向控制的解耦性质。     

节理岩体中地下水流动的离散元模拟

地下水在节理岩体中流动时,会引起岩体中应力场与渗流场的相互作用,以节理开度变化为纽带,进行了岩体中渗流场与应力场的耦合分析,并用离散元法完成了计算,给出了计算实例。