基于分形理论的汉江中下游流域径流特性分析

为了从整体上全面、科学地描述汉江中下游流域径流特性,根据中下游主要干、支流水文站的年、月径流数据,通过 ArcGIS 工作平台计算分析了各站年、 月径流分维数,并基于分形理论研究了径流过程线的形态特征。结果表明：月径流过程线可看作是一种分形,其变化的复杂程度可用分维数表征,径流调节能力较强的大流域分维数小于小流域。由于水库调蓄作用,丹江口水库建成后分维数小于建库前。相距较近的流域所处 气候、下垫面条件相同,其分维一致性较好。     

基于集对分析模型的岷江上游流域震后水质综合评价

汶川大地震是我国建国以来强度最大、破坏最严重的一次地震,给我国带来巨大的人员伤亡和经济损失。岷江上游流域生态环境较为脆弱,地震、泥石流、滑坡、崩塌等地质灾害经常发生,极易造成突发性水源污染。通过引入基于熵权改进的集对分析模型,对岷江上游流域映秀镇周边水源地进行综合评价,最好、平均、最差三种情况评价结果均为Ⅰ级。结果表明,"5.12"汶川特大地震对岷江上游流域部分水源地水质影响不大,震后岷江上游流域水质无明显变化。     

Planning for the Subernarekha river system in eastern India

The study describes the systems studies carried out to plan a river basin in order to determine the nature and size of water storage facilities and releases for irrigation and industrial uses, and the associated cropping pattern. The model has been formulated in the framework of a linear programming model for a specific target year. This model is developed in the context of planning the Subernarekha river basin. The results are discussed and these provide information and insight suggesting the need for more disaggregated analysis of interaction between irrigation and related agroeconomic parameters.     

Restoration of heavily polluted branches of the Shatt Al-Arab river, Iraq

In view of the desire to improve the water quality of the heavily polluted branches of the Shatt al-Arab River at the City of Basrah, it was proposed to maintain effective flushing as well as contracting sewerage system. The present study was conducted in order to examine the water quality of these branches in an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed flushing system. It has been found that their waters contained very low levels of dissolved oxygen and relatively high amounts of both COD and BOD₅. The annual average water quality parameters for Basrah Branches were: dissolved oxygen 3.4 ppm; pH 7.67; hydrogen sulphide 1.4 ppm; ammonia 97 μg-at. N l⁻¹; COD 15.9 mg l⁻¹; BOD₅ 12.7 mg l⁻¹; dissolved silicates 202 μg-at. Si l⁻¹; dissolved reactive phosphate 13.4 μg-at. P-PO₄³⁻ l⁻¹; nitrate 10.4 μg-at. N-NO₃⁻ l⁻¹; nitrite 2.1 μg-at. N-NO₂⁻ l⁻¹ and chlorophyll-α 14.3 mg m⁻³. Based on our calculations, it has been concluded that the proposed system is effective, thus within a flushing cycle all of the above mentioned parameters will become within the acceptable values of the Shatt al-Arab water quality. Moreover, this system has no appreciable effect upon the water quality characteristics of the Shatt al-Arab River due to the fact that it discharges a high volume of water annually. However, It has been recommended to dredge the deposited sludge to a minimum depth of 50 cm.     

粉末活性炭吸附去除松花江原水中有机物的研究

以松花江水为原水,通过小试和生产性试验研究了粉末活性炭吸附、混凝沉淀、过滤工艺对硝基苯及有机污染物的去除情况。结果表明：投加粉末活性炭很好地控制了有机物的总含量,混凝沉淀、过滤工艺主要使有机物的种类明显减少;投加粉末活性炭是去除环境优先控制有机物的关键措施;松花江水中的硝基苯投加量与检出量虽然存在一定的差异,但两者仍具有良好的线性关系;采用助凝措施强化粉末活性炭吸附去除水中硝基苯的效果不明显,说明硝基苯的去除主要是依靠粉末活性炭的吸附作用。     

Temporal trend and source apportionment of water pollution in different functional zones of Qiantang River, China

The increasingly serious river water pollution in developing countries poses great threat to environmental health and human welfare. The assignment of river function to specific uses, known as zoning, is a useful tool to reveal variations of water environmental adaptability to human impact. Therefore, characterizing the temporal trend and identifying responsible pollution sources in different functional zones could greatly improve our knowledge about human impacts on the river water environment. The aim of this study is to obtain a deeper understanding of temporal trends and sources of water pollution in different functional zones with a case study of the Qiantang River, China. Measurement data were obtained and pretreated for 13 variables from 41 monitoring sites in four categories of functional zones during the period 1996-2004. An exploratory approach, which combines smoothing and non-parametric statistical tests, was applied to characterize trends of four significant parameters (permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen, total cadmium and fluoride) accounting for differences among different functional zones identified by discriminant analysis. Aided by GIS, yearly pollution index (PI) for each monitoring site was further mapped to compare the within-group variations in temporal dynamics for different functional zones. Rotated principal component analysis and receptor model (absolute principle component score-multiple linear regression, APCS-MLR) revealed that potential pollution sources and their corresponding contributions varied among the four functional zones. Variations of APCS values for each site of one functional zone as well as their annual average values highlighted the uncertainties associated with cross space-time effects in source apportionment. All these results reinforce the notion that the concept of zoning should be taken seriously in water pollution control. Being applicable to other rivers, the framework of management-oriented source apportionment is thus believed to have potentials to offer new insights into water management and advance the source apportionment framework as an operational basis for national and local governments.     

海河流域平原河流生态修复模式研究Ⅱ——应用

应用"海河流域平原河流生态修复模式",研究海河流域平原河流的生态修复.北运河、永定河和卫河是海河流域具有代表意义的生态受损河流.以这3条河流为例,通过分析它们的水量、水质、生境现状,结合建立的修复模式体系,提出相应的生态修复模式.在此基础上,讨论并提出海河流域其它18条平原河流的的生态修复技术.     

新疆奎屯河流域地下水砷超标原因分析

新疆奎屯河流域是我国大陆第一个地方性砷中毒的区域,然而在人类活动与自然条件下,对该区地下水砷超标的原因未得到清楚的解释.通过2017年在研究区采集地表水、地下水样品51组,分析了主、微量元素组分;2019年在典型的高砷区钻井2个孔,采集沉积物样品44组,分析了粒径、化学成分.结果表明,研究区地下水砷浓度范围为10～88...     

折板絮凝斜管沉淀池＋V型滤池工艺在耿井水厂技改工程中的应用

耿井水厂以黄河水为水源,设计规模为20万m3/d.近年来由于原水水质恶化和供水水质标准提高,须对耿井水厂常规处理工艺进行改造.针对水厂原工艺存在的问题,采用＂折板絮凝斜管沉淀池＋V型滤池＂工艺进行改造,改造后的工艺出水水质良好,滤后水浊度基本稳定在0.25 NTU左右.本工程设计特点及经验可供其他工程参考.     

基于自然影响因子的长江口港口岸线资源评价

港口航运的发展是关系着上海市能否成为世界物流中心的关键,港口岸线是上海市航运发展的宝贵资源。在分析评价的过程中,将上海市岸线分为河口岸线、海岸线和滩涂岸线,利用近年来的实测自然环境数据并结合社会影响因素,选取了岸前水深、潮差、岸线稳定性、坡度、工程地质、生态环境、海域通航、陆域纵深和交通便捷度共9个主要影响因子进行了研究讨论。根据研讨结果,对上海市港口岸线资源进行了综合评价,并对上海市四大滩涂的建港适宜性分别进行了分析,从而确定了上海市五大主要港口岸线资源,包括河口岸线上海市北岸新陆村-川沙新镇段、长兴岛南沿石沙村-庆丰村段及崇明岛南沿城桥村-奚东沙段;海岸线杭州湾渔业村-芦潮港段;滩涂岸线横沙东滩段。研究结果可为上海市未来港口规划和土地利用提供导向性建议。