面向联合检修的电力信息物理系统输电线路脆弱相关性辨识

为减少用户停电时间,电力企业常采取“一停多用,联合检修”模式。然而,检修计划往往侧重于关注线路本身的运行状态,而缺乏对电网整体运行性能的考虑。在跨区联合检修中,由于多条线路陆续停电检修,系统的脆弱性可能被放大。电力信息物理系统之间的融合关系也可能加剧故障跨域传播的深度和广度。在协同破坏效应下,系统存在连锁故障及大停电的可能。为此,提出一种该场景下输电线路脆弱相关性的辨识方法。首先,对联合检修中的能量流动和信息传输过程建模,构建联合检修事故记录数据库。其次,挖掘数据库中存在脆弱相关性的线路组合,通过计算线路组合在诱发停电事故时的贡献度,实现脆弱相关性的量化。仿真结果表明：联合检修时,脆弱相关的线路组在物理层和信息层都表现出了协同破坏效应。所提方法能有效地辨识和量化线路组的脆弱相关性,为制定更加合理的联合检修计划、避免大停电事故的发生提供理论指导。     

考虑元件温-湿关联影响的氢燃料电池系统动态可靠性分析

为了研究元件关联作用对氢燃料电池系统可靠性的影响,以集流板、扩散层和催化层的性能状态与质子膜温度失效和湿度失效的关联关系为研究对象,利用马尔科夫方法建立元件多状态退化模型。通过转移系数描述元件状态转移率与关联特性的动态关系,构建新的状态转移矩阵;基于通用发生函数导出关联系统多态可靠性分析模型,并讨论了多元件关联情形的模型特点;结合Kolmogorov方程求得多态元件各状态下的概率,分别研究了单一关联组和多关联组温-湿复合影响两种情况下的系统可靠性趋势。结果表明: 质子膜的状态转移率会随着集流板、扩散层和催化层性能的退化而改变;当上述元件处于高性能状态时,质子膜的关联特性使系统的可靠度更高,而这些元件在低性能状态时,关联特性使系统的可靠度更低;冷却元件的状态对系统可靠性的影响比增湿元件状态的影响大。研究结果可为电池系统可靠性设计和寿命周期预测提供理论依据。     

基于CSAR图像的目标高度提取方法

圆周合成孔径雷达（Circular Synthetic Aperture Radar,CSAR）可以对目标进行360°全方位观测,获得目标全方位散射信息。通过将CSAR成像数据划分成多个子孔径能够直接获取目标高度信息,本文在原有获取目标高度信息的方法基础上,进行了改进和创新,提出了一种新的提取目标高度信息的方法。本文通过对子孔径图像进行高度向投影,在一定程度上提高了计算精度,同时在子孔径选择时,也考虑了子孔径之间的相关性,有效地提高了算法的精确性。最后首次引入自主测量的L波段实测数据对本文所提算法进行验证,证实了该方法的有效性和准确性。     

基于时空图卷积网络的交通事故风险预测研究

交通事故的预测是通过对过去路段发生的交通事故进行分析,在综合考虑影响交通事故的相关因素后,对未来路段的交通事故发生状态进行预测。以往的大多数研究通常采用传统机器学习方法或单一深度学习模型预测法,利用网格化确定预测空间的单位,忽略了影响交通事故的天气、路况等外部因素,导致模型的预测性能不佳。提出一种基于时空特性的城市交通事故风险预测模型,在模型中使用改进的时空图卷积网络,利用图卷积网络（GCN）提取空间相关特征,并加入批标准化层解决梯度消失爆炸问题。在时间维度上采用门控线性单元（GLU）实现一维卷积操作,提取时间相关特征,并将GCN和GLU组合成时空卷积模块提取时空相关特征,使用均方误差损失函数解决样本数据零膨胀问题。实验结果表明,与GLU、SDCAE和ConvLSTM模型相比,该模型的RMSE指标分别降低了28%、4.87%、4.19%,能有效捕获时空相关性,综合性能得到较大提升。     

Displacement field denoising for high-temperature digital image correlation using principal component analysis

Principal component analysis (PCA) was extended to minimize the noise effect in digital image correlation (DIC) measurement under a high-temperature atmosphere environment. First, the principle of PCA was introduced, and the singular vectors and singular values for each component of the displacement fields from DIC were obtained. Then, the simulated high-temperature speckle images were developed to investigate the influences of noise on the DIC method under a high-temperature environment. Finally, the displacement fields of several special conditions were extracted from the simulated speckle images and experimental images; the effects of noise on the PCA were also analyzed.     

Comparison of the identification performance of conventional FEM updating and integrated DIC

Full‐field identification methods are increasingly used to adequately identify constitutive parameters to describe the mechanical behavior of materials. This paper investigates the more recently introduced one‐step method of integrated digital image correlation (IDIC) with respect to the most commonly used two‐step method of finite element model updating (FEMU), which uses a subset‐based DIC algorithm. To make the comparison as objective as possible, both methods are implemented in the most equivalent manner and use the same FE model. Various virtual test cases are studied to assess the performance of both methods when subjected to different error sources: (1) systematic errors, (2) poor initial guesses for the constitutive parameters, (3) image noise, (4) constitutive model errors, and (5) experimental errors. Results show that, despite the mathematical similarity of both methods, IDIC produces less erroneous and more reliable results than FEMU, particularly for more challenging test cases exhibiting small displacements, complex kinematics, misalignment of the specimen, and image noise. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Identification of local cyclic stress‐strain curves at material inhomogeneities on the basis of digital image correlation

Low‐cycle fatigue (LCF) tests on butt‐welded joints revealed that material inhomogeneities become decisive for the fatigue behavior at elastic‐plastic strain amplitudes and the geometrical notch is no longer the failure location – as observed in high‐cycle fatigue (HCF) regime. Digital image correlation techniques enable the measurement of local strains at the surface of the welded region. A new method is proposed that is able to calculate related local stresses and identifies local cyclic material properties in structures of inhomogeneous material and geometry. This method combines strain measurements and Finite Element simulations. It is a fast iteration procedure that is able to perform the identification within less than ten iterative steps at several hundred local points. Transient material behavior is easy to capture and an application at high temperatures is anticipated due to the method is based on materials mechanics.     

PC端与移动端界面布局相关性评价方法研究

目的分析与评价同款软件在PC端界面与移动端界面布局的相关性。方法分析软件产品的界面设计结构特征及布局描述方法,确定描述界面布局的关键指标,对这些指标进行权重系数的分析计算,并将指标量化,通过相关度分析将两个终端界面量化后的各指标做相关系数的计算。结论结合每个指标的权重值,得出两个终端界面布局的相关程度。     

多孔PDMS基底复合柔性互连导线拉伸时3D变形行为研究

目的 探究多孔聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)基底复合柔性互连导线的透气性能和延展性能,以使其更好地应用在医疗领域。方法 本文采用三维数字图像相关(3D-DIC)方法检测了25 ℃下不同孔隙率的多孔PDMS基底复合柔性互连导线单轴拉伸过程中导线与基底的面内应变失配和离面位移特征。在此基础上,本文引入平均位移(wm)和位移幅(wa)作为量化表征复合柔性电子离面变形的指标,并结合多孔PDMS基底的气密性实验结果评价了不同导线样品。结果 研究结果表明,多孔PDMS材料作为基底能显著降低复合柔性电子的离面变形程度,并使复合柔性电子具有良好的透气性。在相同拉伸载荷(20 N)和拉伸距离下,PDMS与去离子水质量比为6∶1时的多孔PDMS基底复合柔性互联导线具有稳定的离面变形变化量。结论 多孔PDMS基底复合柔性电子不仅具有良好的透气性,而且可以有效地增强金属互联层与柔性基底的粘连程度。本文所获得的PDMS与去离子水最佳掺杂质量比,可为制造高延展性多孔基底柔性电子器件提供参考。