紧邻主楼的高层配楼的爆破拆除

被爆破的配楼与被保护的主楼相距仅 14cm。对于一楼的结构尽可能预拆除 ,只留下待爆立柱 ,以减少爆破炸药量。预先用人工方法部分剔除紧邻主楼的立柱根部的混凝土 ,暴露的钢筋不切断。同时 ,严格控制爆高 ,并采用微差爆破。通过上述技术措施 ,减小了爆破振动 ,有效地防止了配楼倒塌过程中产生后坐 ,保护了主楼及其周围建筑物不受爆破的影响。     

Surface evaluation and electrochemical behaviour of doped silane pre-treatments on galvanised steel substrates

The present work aims at evaluating the surface morphology and the corrosion resistance of galvanised steel substrates pre-treated with bis-[triethoxysilylpropyl] tetrasulfide silane (BTESPT) solutions doped with cerium nitrate or zirconium nitrate. The silane pre-treatment leads to the formation of a silane coating in the metallic surface. The surface morphology of this coating was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).     

Differential behaviour of nodes and internodes of wheat straw with various pre-treatments

This study is aimed at fully understanding wheat straw by investigating important properties for the processing of wheat straw (node and internode) for further production of bio-composites and bio-fuels as they server as great renewable resource. A combination of mild physical treatments and the synergetic effect of each physical treatment were investigated in terms of chemical, surface and mechanical properties. Functional groups changes were monitored in two anatomical sections of wheat straw stem inner and outer surface and the results showed a reduction in the intensities assigned to aliphatic fractions of waxes and silica after each stage of pre-treatments when compared to the untreated samples. The penetration rate (wettability) and hydrophobicity of wheat straw internode outer surface was analysed through contact angle measurements which indicated 35% decrease in hydrophobicity of straw surface therefore increasing the wettability of surface after the combinational pre-treatment. The relationship of surface characteristics to the mechanical properties of wheat straw was also investigated by testing the single strand tensile strength of nodes and internodes before and after pre-treatments. Mechanical test revealed 35% increase in tensile strength of wheat straw after the pre-treatment in comparison to untreated wheat straw. The thermogravimetric analysis clearly illustrate that the thermal stability of the wheat straw increased after the pre-treatment which is encouraging for the bio-composite application.     

Heating condition effects on thermal resistance of fifth-instar Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Successful development of a thermal treatment protocol depends on reliable information on fundamental thermal death kinetics of targeted insects under different heating conditions. The effects of heating rates (1, 10, and 15 °C min⁻¹), pre-treatment conditioning (30 °C+6 h), and the difference between long-term laboratory cultures and recently isolated cultures on thermal mortality of fifth-instar navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker), were studied using a heating block system. There was no significant difference in insect mortality resulting from heating rates of 10 and 15 °C min⁻¹. Temperature control at 1 °C min⁻¹ was more uniform than for the other heating rates, resulting in reduced variability for insect mortality. The mean mortality at the heating rate of 1 °C min⁻¹ was significantly lower than for the two faster heating rates only at 48 °C+30 min. The pre-treatment conditioning of fifth-instar Amyelois transitella enhanced their thermotolerance only at certain temperature-time combinations. Fifth-instars from long-term laboratory and recently isolated cultures were equally susceptible to elevated temperatures. Therefore, thermal death kinetic information obtained from the long-term laboratory cultures can be used to develop thermal protocols against field pests.     

Effect of pre-treatments on hydrolysis and methane production potentials of by-products from meat-processing industry

In this study, the effect of five pre-treatments (thermal, ultrasound, acid, base and bacterial product) on hydrolysis and methane production potentials of four by-products from meat-processing industry was studied. The bacterial product Liquid Certizyme 5™ increased soluble chemical oxygen demand (CODsol) of digestive tract content and drumsieve waste the most as compared to untreated material (62 and 96%, respectively), while ultrasound was the most effective to increase CODsol with dissolved air flotation (DAF) sludge (88%) and grease trap sludge (188%). In batch experiments, thermal treatment increased methane production potential of drumsieve waste, acid of grease trap sludge and all pre-treatments of DAF sludge. However, with all other pre-treatments, methane production potential was decreased compared to untreated materials, apparently due to inhibition by hydrolysis products and/or possible re-crystallization of some compounds. Methane production potentials from the untreated materials were as follows: digestive tract content 400 ± 50 m³ CH₄/t volatile solids (VS)_added, drumsieve waste 230 ± 20 m³ CH₄/tVS_added, DAF sludge 340 ± 17 m³ CH₄/tVS_added and grease trap sludge 900 ± 44 m³ CH₄/tVS_added.     

Issues of contact etching and pre-treatment in Schottky contact

This paper reports on the process dependence of contact resistance of silicide/n+ Si and silicide/p+ Si contact. Three processes such as contact etching, Si treatment and pre-treatment are investigated with contact resistance point of view. Only silicide/p+ Si contact resistance has been changed as etching time of contact increases while silicide/n+ Si contact resistance has been regularly maintained. We have modeled that fluorine used in contact etching can scavenge or deactivate boron in p+ Si, resulting in degradation of silicide/p+ Si contact resistance. In order to confirm the model, two different gases (hydro carbon fluoride/carbon fluoride) during Si treatment right after contact etching were applied. As a result, the silicide/p+ Si contact resistance was increased in carbon fluoride case, which has higher fluorine ratio to carbon than hydro carbon fluoride case. It is also observed that the silicide/p+ Si contact resistance was increased proportionally with time of fluorine-based pre-treatment before silicide formation.     

Diamond deposition on hardmetal substrates – Comparison of substrate pre-treatments and industrial applications

Diamond deposition on various hardmetal tools is widely used. For applications where the mechanical forces are low diamond coatings have long lifetimes, but especially for heavy duty applications the reproducibility of the diamond coating adhesion is not adequate.     

硬质合金表面钴含量对金刚石形核密度的影响

对比分析了经金刚石磨盘研磨、脱钴／未脱钴ＹＧ８硬质合金上蒸镀非晶碳膜预处理对金刚石形核密度的影响。结果表明，未脱钴者，金刚石的形核密度低，金刚石结晶质量差，颗粒稀少，未成膜。原因是金刚石沉积过程中，基体内部的钴会扩散或蒸发到表面，产生明显聚集和长大。而经脱钴处理者，成核密度可达１０＾８ｃｍ＾－２，颗粒尺寸１～２μｍ，金刚石结晶质量好，刻面廓分明，表面基本成膜。     

Surface characterization of zincated aluminium and selected alloys at the early stage of the autocatalytic electroless nickel immersion process

In this work the changing structure of nickel–phosphorus deposits on aluminium and its alloys at the early stage of electroless nickel phosphorus deposition using hypophosphite ion as reducing agent has been studied. Prior to electroless nickel deposition, zincating is used for pre-treatment of aluminium substrates. The surface morphology and structure of the electroless Ni–P layers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Results show that Ni–P deposition is closely related to the dissolution of the zincating layer, followed by progressive nickel nucleation. The nuclei serve as a catalytic surface for further Ni–P deposition which increases with deposition time. The growth and coalescence of the nuclei on the aluminium substrate results in crystalline layers of Ni–P.     

消除20钢无缝管冷弯成型角裂的预处理工艺试验

对两批20钢无缝矩形管冷弯成型时角部出现裂纹的现象进行了组织观察分析,认为原料管热轧工艺不当而形成的魏氏组织是裂纹形成的主要原因。提出了冷弯成型前对原料管进行预处理的工艺方案;研究分析了正火温度、保温时间和冷却方式对原料管组织和力学性能的影响规律;确定了20钢原料管的常规正火工艺:加热温度(890±10)℃,保温6min后散置空冷。本常规正火工艺可完全消除20钢原料管的魏氏组织,使其屈服强度和抗拉强度的匹配更加合理,屈强比σS/bσ≤0.78,延伸率5δ≥30%,冷成型性能大幅度提高并避免出现冷弯开裂现象。