长三角地区农作物温室气体排放特征研究

为有效指导农业温室气体减排政策的制定,本研究分别采用CH4MOD模型和排放因子法估算了2018年长三角地区农作物甲烷(CH₄)和氧化亚氮(N₂O)排放,并分析其时空分布规律,最终建立了2018年长三角地区农作物1 km×1 km网格化温室气体排放清单.研究结果表明:长三角稻田CH₄排放因子为348.54 kg／hm²,农作物N₂O排放因子为0.95 kg／hm²,与前人研究结果具有一致性.长三角地区稻田CH₄排放为176.9万t(折合约3 714.9万t CO₂当量),最主要排放源为单季稻稻田;农作物N₂O排放为15114.9 t(折合约450.4万t CO₂当量),小麦是主要贡献源.CH₄和N₂O排放均主要来源于江苏省和安徽省,且集中在4—8月.建议加强对农业温室气体排放的管控,从源头上减少农田碳氮源的输入.     

论泾河东庄水库灰岩坝址渗漏问题

通过对泾河东庄水库灰岩坝址工程地质钻探成果特别是钻孔压水试验及水文地质成果包括区域水质、水位、水温等不连通性的分析研究,并结合流量测定三维渗漏数值模拟分析,对坝区渗漏问题进行分析和论证,进一步证明在泾河下游东庄灰岩段建坝是可行的,不会发生严重渗漏,为项目的设计、审查、决策方面参考,以促进工程前期工作的进展。     

引红济石调水工程地质特点及应对措施

陕西引红济石调水工程地质条件非常复杂,施工过程中多次出现断层破碎带塌方、突发性涌水、涌泥等地质难题。结合施工采用的方法、措施分析、研究地质特性和规律,总结施工过程中发生地质灾害的经验教训,认为可以通过加强施工过程控制来有效降低隧洞施工地质风险和灾害发生的可能,从而达到加快工程建设进度,节约工程投资的目的。     

圣海伦斯火山爆发对图特河北汊河床演变的影响

受1980年美国华盛顿州圣海伦斯火山爆发的影响,图特河北汊的流域特性、水沙条件和河床边界条件均发生了巨大变化,河流的调整和响应十分迅速,为研究河流受突发剧烈扰动后的河床再调整过程提供了一个很好的范例.本文选取图特河北汉上中游14个测量断面为研究对象,收集了近30年来的水文泥沙和断面资料,对河道的垂向、横向及纵向的形态调整过程进行了全面分析.结果表明,图特河北汉在火山爆发后前3年内的调整最为迅速,后期调整逐渐减缓,并向平衡状态发展,显示了河流受到扰动后调整速率逐渐衰减的重要特征,这一特点是冲积河流自动调整的反映.图特河北汉河床的调整在空间上呈现上冲下淤的特点,河流正是通过河床上冲下淤的调整方式,使得河道比降整体不断变缓,水流能量降低,上游河道冲刷减弱,进而使河流逐渐向平衡状态发展.此外,河岸崩塌展宽也是图特河北汉调整的重要方面,上游源区段和峡谷段的河岸侵蚀主要由河床持续冲刷下切导致,而宽谷段河岸的崩塌主要是由于河道的横向摆动引起.     

Ecological effects of river regulation on mammals and birds: A review

Although most of the world's river systems are regulated, the effects of river regulation on mammals and birds are little known. In fact, speculations are more common than empirical data. A review of this topic is presented, emphasizing northern rivers where most impacts have been described. Effects are related to the major causes of change. It is concluded that the two most disastrous effects of river regulation on mammals and birds are the permanent inundation of vast areas of land, and the disruption of the seasonal flood regime along the river. The design of future investigations to improve our knowledge is considered.     

黄河三门峡大坝工程现实风险规避刍议

After three ups and downs during the planning and designing stage, the project of the Yellow River Sanmenxia Dam finally completed in 1960. After two times reconstructions and three times change of its operation mode, the dam realizes the working mode of “storing clear water and draining sand-containing water”. On the basis of the lessons learned from the Dam, the paper proposes the idea that an unique ecosystem and living environment have been formed in the middle and lower valley of Yellow River. Sanmenxia dam cannot be abandoned or blowed up. To construct an ecological system in Yellow River is an effective measure to avoid the risk of Sanmenxia Dam.     

安徽省长江基本建设项目验收程序分析

介绍了长江基本建设项目验收程序和方法,分析了验收中的遗留问题.     

Do the VOCs that evaporate from a heavily polluted river threaten the health of riparian residents?

To understand the potential threat of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the health of residents living close to a heavily polluted river, this study investigated the species and the concentration of VOCs evaporating from a river and surveyed the health condition of the nearby residents. Air samples were taken seasonally at the upstream, midstream, and downstream water surfaces of the river, and at different locations at certain distances from the river. These samples were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively through gas chromatography and electron capture detector (GC/ECD) for chlorinated organic compounds, and through gas chromatography and flame ionization detector (GC/FID) for ordinary hydrocarbons. The health data obtained from valid health questionnaires of 908 residents were analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. Twenty-six species of VOCs were identified in the environment adjacent the river, many of which are carcinogenic or believed to be carcinogenic to humans. However, results of this study shows that the VOCs evaporating from the polluted river have not been definitively identified as a major factor of cancer in the residents. However, the risk of suffering from certain chronic diseases may increase in residents living less than 225 m away from the river due to the high levels of evaporated VOCs. Residents living less than 225 m away from the river and with nearby specific industries are 3.130 times more at risk of suffering from chronic diseases than those with no nearby specific industries.     

波河平原城市的分布形态和历史的种子

在探索意大利波河平原城市发展历史的基础上,试图在重要的历史时期中找出那些对城市发展产生过影响的事件,并通过案例的研究找出这些历史的种子在今天城市结构中的痕迹。以此作为未来对波河平原和珠江三角洲进行比较研究的开篇。     

水与城市——以杭州城西水街为例,探讨商住区的河道处理

该文从空间入手,以杭州城西水街为例,研究了水与城市有机结合的方法和必要性,阐明其中所蕴含的文化沉积和历史底蕴是值得我们去感悟的。