非线性规划迭代线性化方法在圩垸除涝规划中的应用

本文根据洞庭湖圩垸除涝排水系统非线性规划数学模型的特点,借助离散微分动态规划(DDDP)的思想,利用线性规划(LP)的修正单纯形解法,提出了一种既简单有效,又比较节省计算机时的新的求解非线性规划问题的直接解法——“迭代线性化方法”。实例验证该法是可行的。     

滇池现代沉积物氨氮及磁化率研究

现代沉积物是湖泊营养盐和污染物的重要储藏库,在一定条件下,这些内源污染负荷可能成为水体富营养化的主导因子.研究通过对滇池（外海）现代沉积物中的氨氮、磁化率指标进行测试分析,研究结果表明：滇池现代沉积物中氨氮的高值区主要分布在北部海埂附近,中部略有增高,南部则最低,表层沉积物的氨氮含量低于下层;滇池现代沉积物的磁化率大小由滨岸带向湖心依次递减,在垂向上,磁化率随着深度的增加而增大.研究结果可为滇池污染治理提供了依据.     

洞庭湖区气候及江湖关系历史变迁的探讨

洞庭湖历经沧桑变迁，汉末以前湖盆与水位均较荆江低，东汉后期，天然植被不断遭破坏，使湖水水位渐高于荆江，造成湖高江低，出现江、湖两安之势，宋代湖区周围垦辞活动增强，森林破坏极大，荆江江面束狭，河床逐步增高，元明时期，多次疏浚调弦、虎渡等穴口，造成江水入湖，清代水土流失加剧，藕池、松滋相继决口、从此四口分泄荆江洪水与泥沙，造成湖面萎缩，洞庭湖退居为第二大淡水湖。     

THE RESTORATION OF WOODS MILL LAKE

Woods Mill Lake is the centrepiece of a nature reserve at Henfield in Sussex, UK. During the last forty years, the lake has undergone a succession of changes, and this has resulted in loss of depth and encroachment of the reed-bed. In the summer months the large carp population was suffering stress due to shallow water. The problem of silt excavation required extensive discussion with statutory agencies: in addition, the work had to be scheduled around nesting birds, breeding newts and school visits. This paper (a) discusses the complexity of the work which was undertaken, and (b) provides an analysis of the fish population which was removed from the lake.     

An improved parameter estimation procedure in lake modelling

This paper proposes an alternative parameter estimation procedure. Usually the parameters that yield the highest sensitivity are calibrated by trial and error or by an automatic calibration procedure. If the number of parameters to be calibrated is more than 3-5, this procedure is very time consuming. The presented procedure is based on the assumption that the biological components in an ecosystem model attempt to develop such properties that they become best possible survivors, i.e. develop as much biomass as possible. It has previously been proposed that the survival of the entire ecosystem can be measured by use of the thermodynamic function exergy, which measures the distance from thermodynamic equilibrium and accounts for the biomass and its information content. If these assumptions are correct, it should be possible to determine the combination of parameters which gives the highest exergy. The paper presents the use of this idea in combination with a normal calibration. The parameters, which are less known from the literature and still yield a relatively high sensitivity, are determined by use of the above-mentioned exergy principle. The parameters that are known within relatively narrow ranges from the literature are calibrated by the normal procedure. The method has been used on a concrete lake modelling study and given good results. This combination method seems therefore to offer clear advantages, particularly for models with a relatively high number of sensitive parameters (> 5), which otherwise would require a very cumbersome calibration.     

国内湖泊水质污染及富营养化治理

湖泊水质污染及生态恢复是我国当前水环境保护所面临的主要问题。在国内湖泊富营养化防治调研的基础上,对我国重点治理的“三湖”水环境状况及治理对策进行了总结与分析,提出国内湖泊治理存在的问题和对策,以及官厅水库水污染防治应注意的问题。     

Solubility prediction in the ternary systems NaCl–RbCl–H2O, KCl–CsCl–H2O and KBr–CsBr–H2O at 25 C using the ion-interaction model

The component solubilities in NaCl–RbCl–H₂O, KCl–CsCl–H₂O and KBr–CsBr–H₂O systems at 25 C were calculated by using the Pitzer ion interaction model and its extended HW models. Excellent agreement with experimental solubilities indicated that the models can be successfully used to calculate the component solubilities. This study affords the necessary parameters for solubility predictions of complicated systems containing rubidium and caesium and establishes a theoretical basis for the separation of these valuable metals from salt lake brine.     

河南省宿鸭湖水库水污染现状及防治对策

该文依据宿鸭湖水库水质的实际监测资料,采用指数法对水库的水环境进行地表水环境质量评价和水库富营养化评价,采用秩相关系数法对近5年水库水质变化趋势进行分析和评价,提出污染防治对策.结果表明,宿鸭湖水库水质基本满足地表水水域环境功能,水库富营养化程度为轻度富营养化,近5年来水质变化趋势稳定;通过提出针对性的对策和建议,可以进一步降低污染物水平,保障水库综合效益的发挥.     

Real-time Parallel Processing System Design and Implementation for Underwater Acoustic Communication Based on Multiple Processors

ADSP-TS101 is a high performance DSP with good properties of parallel processing and high speed. According to the real-time processing requirements of underwater acoustic communication algorithms, a real-time parallel processing system with multi-channel synchronous sample, which is composed of multiple ADSP-TS101s, is designed and carried out. For the hardware design, field programmable gate array （FPGA） logical control is adopted for the design of multi-channel synchronous sample module and cluster/data flow associated pin connection mode is adopted for multiprocessing parallel processing configuration respectively： And the software is optimized by two kinds of communication ways： broadcast writing way through shared bus and point-to-point way through link ports. Through the whole system installation, connective debugging, and experiments in a lake, the results show that the real-time parallel processing system has good stability and real-time processing capability and meets the technical design requirements of real-time processing.     

桂林桂湖浮游藻类种群组成及水质生物学评价

根据2013年1～12月对桂湖浮游藻类的调查和监测结果,分析藻类种群组成和优势种、细胞密度、马卡列夫（Margalef）和香农—韦弗（Shannon-Weaver）生物多样性指数等生物特征参数的变化,从生物学角度对桂湖水质进行评价,为桂林两江四湖水环境的综合治理和生态保护提供基础资料和理论依据。