基于水动力模拟的城市浅水湖泊水循环研究

治理富营养化湖泊应首先改善湖泊的水动力条件,一般是通过连通引水和调整湖泊形态来实现,但连通引水对湖泊富营养化的改善效果时效较短,合理的湖泊形态对实现湖泊健康更为重要。以吴江市盛泽镇的潜龙渠为例,选择水龄作为描述湖泊水循环的指标,利用EFDC模型对不同条件下的水龄和流速及规划后湖泊形态的水动力情况进行模拟,同时根据模拟结果确定生态修复方案。结果表明,经过岸线和湖底高程调整后,潜龙渠水龄可以减少2~3d,水动力条件得到明显改善。     

Spatial and Ontogenetic Variability of Sea Lamprey Diets in Lake Superior

Invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) remain an important source of fish mortality in the Laurentian Great Lakes, yet assessing their impact is hindered by lack of quantitative diet information. We examined nitrogen and carbon stable isotope ratios (δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C) of sea lamprey and host species in six ecoregions of Lake Superior, mainly in 2002–2004. Data implied that most sea lamprey fed primarily on upper trophic level species, including forms of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). However, in Ontario waters, particularly semi-enclosed Black Bay, sea lamprey relied heavily on lower trophic levels, such as coregonines (Coregonus spp.) and suckers (Catostomus spp.). Sea lamprey δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C generally increased with sea lamprey size, implying dependence on higher trophic levels later in life. Most parasitic sea lamprey that we captured were attached to either lean lake trout (35% of observed attachments), lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis; 25%), or cisco (C. artedii; 25%); the latter sea lamprey were typically < 15 g. Survey- and fishery-dependent wounding rate data compiled from 1986–2005 suggest that lean and siscowet lake trout were selectively parasitized by sea lamprey, which is consistent with our stable isotope data. Our results largely support the notion that lake trout are the principal host species in Lake Superior. However, stable isotope evidence that sea lamprey feed at lower trophic levels in some regions argues for comprehensive monitoring of sea lamprey impacts throughout the fish community in systems that sea lamprey have invaded.     

淮安市青龙湖及其周边水环境综合整治方案探讨

水环境综合整治对改善居民生活环境和促进当地经济发展具有积极的作用,文章通过对淮安市青龙湖及其周边水环境进行认真的调查,指出了该区域目前存在的主要水质问题并对污染现状进行分析。在明确整治目标的前提下,提出了切实可行的水环境整治方案并对投资进行了估算。对类似情况的水环境治理具有一定的借鉴意义。     

高校校园草坪喷灌系统设计

针对目前高校的大面积新建校区及新校区内的大面积绿地,设计了一套利用湖水喷灌草坪绿地的系统,可以有效节约用水和人工,提高灌溉效果。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CHANGES IN TOTAL SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATIONS IN AN OXBOW LAKE AFTER IMPLEMENTING AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

The Wolf–Broad oxbow lake (417 ha) was evaluated by the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality and included on the Mississippi 303(d) list of impaired waterbodies for total suspended solids (TSS). A study was undertaken for 2 years to evaluate and document changes to TSS (mg L^?1) and overall lake turbidity (NTU) through best management practice implementation. These two objectives were analysed with routine monthly surface sampling events of turbidity (Eureka Manta 2, automated data sonde) as well as 20 random samples per sampling trip for TSS from June 2008 to June 2010. Results from a non‐parametric Kruskal–Wallis analysis indicated a significant month‐by‐year effect on turbidity and TSS (chi‐squared = 76.08, p = 0.001), but reach (chi‐squared = 2.45, p = 0.784) and depth by reach (chi‐squared = 2.44, p = 0.784) did not show significant effects on turbidity. There were no significant correlations between TSS concentrations and turbidity and 2 days and 7 days summed or mean rainfall for the duration of the evaluation. Spearman correlation analysis for TSS indicated significant correlations between TSS and mean two‐day (r² = 0.62, p = 0.002) and seven‐day (r² = 0.51, p = 0.014) wind speeds. All other variables used in the analysis did not show significant correlation with TSS ( p > 0.05). This suggests that wind conditions, rather than rainfall, predict the greatest variability in TSS and turbidity in Wolf Lake. These documented correlations between lake water column TSS, turbidity and wind highlight the difficulties of demonstrating success of management practices in the short temporal period between project initiation and completion. Unmanageable environmental conditions (wind speed and direction) and limited temporal monitoring scales (1 1/2 years post‐BMP implementation) limit the possibility of demonstrating successful water‐quality improvement within a 303(d) listed waterbody such as Wolf Lake. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

西北侏罗系煤成油研究中的煤田地质学方法

运用煤田地质学方法分析、研究了西北侏罗系盆地的煤沼沉积环境演化类型(以下简称煤沼演化类型),划分出:①没有发育湖相建造;②含煤建造上覆缺失湖相建造;③具有完整湖平面变化旋四层序的三种煤沼演化类型;研究了西北侏罗系含煤盆地,尤其是第二和第三煤沼演化类型的煤显微组分组成和烃源岩的成熟度特征.根据西北侏罗系含煤盆地煤成油田形成和分布规律,依据煤沼演化类型、盆地沉积构造背景、有机岩组成特征等条件,提出了天山及其以北和塔里木周缘和祁连山两侧山前的前陆盆地等同沉积构造活动性较强的盆地是西北侏罗系煤成油勘探的有利区域,发育第一和第二煤沼演化类型的盆地及其伊犁和三塘湖盆地没有找到煤成油田的可能的看法.     

松辽盆地南部泉头组四段—姚家组西部坡折带的成因及演化

大型坳陷湖盆中存在与海相盆地中陆坡相似的坡折带。根据对地质、地球物理资料等的综合研究，松辽盆地南部的泉头组四段-姚家组发育两级西部坡折带（套堡-双岗高位坡折带和红岗-海坨子低位坡折带），同一坡折带在不同的发育时期有着不同的主控因素。早期两级坡折带都受到基底断裂的影响，后期发育过程中，套堡-双岗高位坡折带的主控因素是物源的方向和侵蚀力，红岗-海坨子低位坡折带后期发育主要受沉积物的供应和差异压实作用的影响。坡折带形成的主控因素不同，则坡折的规模、延伸性以及坡度均存在一定的差异。     

Distinguishing Wild vs. Stocked Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Ontario: Evidence from Carbon and Oxygen Stable Isotope Values of Otoliths

We investigated the potential for using carbon and oxygen isotope values of otolith carbonate as a method to distinguish naturally produced (wild) lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from hatchery-reared lake trout in Lake Ontario. We determined δ ¹³C_(CaCO3) and δ ¹⁸O_(CaCO3) values of otoliths from juvenile fish taken from two hatcheries, and of otoliths from wild yearlings. Clear differences in isotope values were observed between the three groups. Subsequently we examined otoliths from large marked and unmarked fish captured in the lake, determining isotope values for regions of the otolith corresponding to the first year of life. Marked (i.e., stocked) fish showed isotope ratios similar to one of the hatchery groups, whereas unmarked fish, (wild fish or stocked fish that lost the mark) showed isotope ratios similar either to one of the hatchery groups or to the wild group. We interpret these data to suggest that carbon and oxygen isotope values can be used to determine the origin of lake trout in Lake Ontario, if a catalogue of characteristic isotope values from all candidate years and hatcheries is compiled.     

艾丁湖天然无水芒硝形成机理的研究

文章对艾丁湖天然无水芒硝的分布、特征、形成机理进行了研究 ,得出天然无水芒硝的成因 ,为利用太阳能技术生产无水芒硝提供理论依据。     

鄱阳湖控制工程对自然保护区生态环境的影响

鄱阳湖是长江流域的一大淡水湖泊，其水旱灾害相当频繁，长期以来，国家和地方政府十分重视鄱阳湖洪涝灾害的治理研究工作，逐步形成了以鄱阳湖控制工程为代表的治理方案，该控制工程实施后，其水位将常年维持在16．0－18．0m之间，这将直接淹没16．0m以下的然状态下随着枯洪季节在而变化形成的的草滩、沼泽和浅水洼地等独特湿地自然景观，其自然环境将发生变化，使湖泊水域增大，洲滩，湿地大面积减少，从而对国家级鄱阳湖候鸟自然保护区生态环境带来严重不利影响。