西控工程对望虞河西岸地区防洪的影响

为了评估西控工程对望虞河西岸地区造成的防洪影响,以望虞河西岸为研究区域并结合其水文特性,构建了适合于模拟平原河网地区产汇流过程的MIKE11水文水力模型并利用当地降雨、水位等实测资料进行了率定。通过模拟50年一遇设计暴雨情况下的不同工况,得到研究区域内水系各节点的水位等要素变化情况,并依此分析了西控工程对望虞河西岸地区造成的防洪影响。结果表明:西控工程运行后,研究区域内重要节点的最高水位抬升明显,部分地区有遭受洪水淹没的风险;MIKE11水文水力模型对于分析平原河网地区河流沿线闸控影响具有较高的应用价值。     

2000年以来黄河宁蒙河段开河期冰凌洪水特点分析

黄河宁蒙河段开河期冰凌洪水主要集中在3月中下旬,一般由融冰洪水与冰坝洪水组成,其特点主要表现在:凌峰、洪量年际变化大,沿程增加明显,头道拐站易形成多峰,峰型系数较夏汛小,洪水历时较夏汛短,水位表现较夏汛同流量水位高,流速在涨水段慢于落水段。这些特点主要与宁蒙河道形态、水利工程、封河期上游来水及开河期气温、开河形势、封冻期形成的槽蓄水增量大小、沿程分布及其释放程度有关。     

柴达木盆地西南缘下干柴沟组下段辫状河三角洲沉积特征

柴达木盆地西南缘昆北断阶带下干柴沟组下段沉积了一套辫状河三角洲沉积,具有重要的油气储集意义。利用录井、钻井岩心、地震、测井以及粒度分析等手段,详细研究了辫状三角洲的沉积特征。研究结果表明,昆北断阶带辫状河三角洲分为三角洲平原、三角洲前缘和前三角洲三个亚相类型。辫状河三角洲平原分为辫状河道和洪泛平原两个微相,辫状河三角洲前缘可分为水下分流河道、河口坝/远砂坝、席状砂、水下分流间湾五个微相。纵向上,经历了辫状河三角洲平原-辫状河三角洲前缘-滨浅湖的演化过程,辫状河三角洲平原发育河道多期次叠加,辫状河三角洲前缘河道化作用较弱。平面上,受两大物源体系影响,发育两个主河道,河道化程度横向差异较大。同生期断层是制约辫状河三角洲发育的首要因素,物源供给制约辫状河三角洲砂体分布和物质构成,古地貌制约辫状河三角洲的形态分布。综合各种地质因素,建立了柴西南昆北断阶带辫状河三角洲沉积模式。     

白洋淀流域分布式水文模型开发与验证

针对白洋淀流域水资源保护工作开发了分布式水文模型WEP-L模型。WEP-L模型是对流域水循环过程与能量循环过程的综合模拟,具有较高的模拟精度。对白洋淀流域1956 } 2000年的径流模拟计算表明:主要水文站的相对误差在5%以内,Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数在0. 8以上,可以用于白洋淀流域的水文循环分析。     

涑水河入黄口治理工程环境影响及保护方案

分析了涑水河入黄口治理工程对环境的影响及当前存在的主要问题,确定了施工期间应注意的方面,并提出了环境保护的方案,从而提高涑水河河道的防洪能力、改善滩区生态环境,促进区域经济的发展.     

重庆滨江路建设反思及建议

本文通过对重庆市滨江路建设情况的分析,指出了过去建设中存在的一些问题,并对滨江路建设的提出了一些建议,为今后滨江路的建设和改造作出了一些有益的探索。     

Observations on the changes in nitrate concentrations along streams in seven upland moorland catchments in Northeast Scotland

River water has been sampled under baseflow conditions in both summer and winter at c. 250-m intervals along the length of each of seven rivers in northeast Scotland, and the nitrate contents have been determined. The resultant data have been examined in the context of the nitrogen saturation hypothesis. Capacity of the catchment soils to retain nitrate was generally minimal in winter. Although biological uptake of nitrate was evident in summer, in the upper part of each catchment substantial nitrate leaching still occurred. The phenomenon was most marked in water draining from hill peats, except where these were conspicuously waterlogged. The results are discussed in the context of possible nitrogen saturation effects on upper catchment slopes.     

平原河道水面曲线计算程序的编制

文章介绍了平原河道水面曲线基本方程计算程序的编制原理及计算过程,并通过实例分析了不同流量模数的计算公式.     

Predicting phytoplankton composition in the River Thames,England

Phytoplankton were sampled fortnightly in summer and monthly in winter for 33 months to determine temporal and spatial variations in taxonomic structure and relate these to the physical and chemical environment. Using canonical correspondence analysis, environmental variables selected by stepwise regression were found to be correlated with the major variable(s) determining phytoplankton composition. An improved proportion of explained variance was achieved by classifying data into three seasonal subsets. The highest percentage of explained variance in phytoplankton composition was achieved for the months March to May (36·5%), the lowest variance explained was for the period June to September (28·6%). Within each season, general linear modelling was used to predict taxa responses to variations in particular environmental variables. Taxa responses to discharge are presented as examples for determining river management policies. The rationale of conceptual models and the empirical models used for this study are discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Bank erosion management based on geomorphological,ecological and economic criteria on the Galaure River,France

Bank erosion is a key geomorphological mechanism in the fluvial ecosystems of piedmont and mountain floodplains, since it regulates the diversity of habitats, species and vegetal units. A plan for managing this erosion was established for the Galaure River, a tributary of the Middle Rhône characterized by mobile meander dynamics. Geomorphological analysis provided grounds for sectioning the river on the basis of lateral instability and led to defining geomorphological trends over a period of 50 years. In parallel, riverside landowners were questioned in order to take their opinions into account during planning. It is shown that active bank protection is not financially worthwhile, whereas abandoning this policy is difficult in view of opposition to this from riverside landowners. The management plan devised allows for continued bank protection of certain reaches where lateral erosion is moderate and the conditions merit such measures. In contrast, nature conservation measures are planned for the section characterized by actively mobile meanders. An area of free channel evolution or streamway has been defined within which all bank protection measures are prohibited. This arrangement was made possible through a contract between managers and riverside landowners, by which managers are to purchase conservation lands while landowners receive indemnities for reduced usage rights. Conservation of fluvial dynamics is accompanied by forest corridor rehabilitation of lands 15 to 20 m from the active channel, where poplar stands are replaced by indigenous hygrophyte species. ©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd