强夯法在耿庄水库地基处理中应用

耿庄水库属半挖半填平原围封水库,大坝为碾压均质土坝,因坝基土具有湿陷性,故采用强夯法处理。根据工程实践,采用强夯处理后湿陷地基效果明显,地基承载力得到了有效的加强。     

张峰水库输水总干末端调蓄水池中复合土工膜的应用

复合土工膜是一种很好的防渗材料,它经济、适用,在水利工程防渗中被广泛应用。文中详细阐述了张峰水库输水总干末端蓄水池中复合土工膜的施工方法及质量控制。     

高浓度调沙是减缓黄河下游河道淤积的有效途径

在浅析黄河下游河道淤积原因的基础上,指出高浓度调沙是减缓下游河道淤积的有效途径。为实现高浓度调沙,小浪底水库应该采用“蓄浑排清,清水刷槽;加沙造浓,高浓度输沙”的调水调沙方式,并通过“横向冲蚀”技术,来源源不断地形成高含沙水流出库。     

Jason软件在海月斜坡带储层预测中的应用

海月斜坡带具有比较大的勘探潜力,适合寻找岩性油气藏,因此,开展Jason软件的研究及应用,对于推动该区的勘探开发工作具有重要的现实意义。充分发挥Jason软件储层预测的优势,采用Jason叠后稀疏脉冲反演对海月斜坡带进行了储层预测工作,取得了较好的效果,为后续的井位部署工作提供了一定的科学依据。     

龙羊峡水库诱发地震特征

在整理龙羊峡水库库区地震目录的基础上，对水库诱发地震的时间和空间的分布、地震序列、地震与水库的关系三个方面进行了计算分析，并总结出龙羊峡水库诱发地震的总体特征。     

街面水电站水库诱发地震的预测研究

街面水库位于政和—大埔深断裂带东侧的屏南～梅林断陷带中段上。该深断裂带没列为地震带，活动性较弱，尤其是中段。街面水库以坝址为中心２５ｋｍ范围内，无喜山期的基性岩分布，无震中分布，近代地壳垂直形变值甚小，地热异常值不高，岩性于应变能的大量积储也不甚有利，与水口水库诱震条件类比认为：街面水库蓄水后，即使发生诱发地震，其强度也仅属弱微震，最大震级应比水口低，估计不会超过４级。可能震中位置在库盆东南面有断层切割的熔岩区段。     

应用测井资料对四川碳酸盐岩的老井选层

本文提出了一整套对四川资料不全老井的测井解释方法。在定性划分渗透层定性判断气水层的基础上,本文首次提出石灰岩电极相对位概念,用它半定量划分气水层,效果良好,进而计算储层孔隙度、渗透率、油气水饱和度,定量地划分气水层,并确定出气水层分类评价标准。这套测井解释方法,对四川碳酸盐储层评价、老井选层挖潜是可信的,可行的。     

长江泥沙输移及三峡工程泥沙问题

长江泥沙主要来自上游金沙江和嘉陵江,来沙,来水分别占宜昌站７０％和４９％,地表侵蚀以水力侵蚀和重力侵蚀为主,但输沙量远小于侵蚀量。水土保持和兴建中小型水库的拦沙作用明显减少了进入河道的泥沙,与人类活动剧水土流失所带来的负效应部分相互抵消,经综合对比分析,从宏观上看宜昌站输水量多年平均值相对稳定,三峡水库为河道型水库,长６００ｋｍ,水库来水量大,含水量较小,水库采用“蓄清排浑”的调度运行方式可做到长     

Modelling inundation patterns and sediment dynamics in the extensive floodplain along the Tonle Sap River

The Tonle Sap River (TSR) serves as a natural medium for the reversal flow between Tonle Sap Lake (TSL) and the Mekong River to sustain productivity and biodiversity in the TSR floodplain and TSL. Understanding the hydrological connectivity and its dynamics in the TSR, including its floodplain, is therefore important to support activities that aim to maintain ecological services in the TSR–TSL system. Thus, the main objective of this study is to examine the hydrological connectivity of the TSR and its floodplain by a modelling approach that integrates inundation patterns and sediment dynamics. The Caesar–Lisflood model was applied to describe inundation, sediment erosion, transport, and deposition in the TSR for the period of 2003–2013. The inundation areas connected to the TSR ranged from 140 to 2,327 km², whereas the isolated inundation areas from the TSR ranged from 0.27 to 504 km². Sediment dynamics showed its influence on inundation patterns and hydrological connectivity and could alter the yearly inundation ratio (defined as a normalized inundation frequency with a value ranging from 0 to 1) up to 0.8. Our approach provides a quantitative way to determine key factors (e.g., total inundation areas, seasonality, and connectivity of inundation patterns) for further investigation of ecological processes in relation to the inundation patterns and sediment dynamics in the TSR and TSL.     

Distribution of Botia superciliaris (Günther, 1892) ichthyoplankton in the upper mainstem of the Yangtze River preimpoundment and postimpoundment of the upstream dam cascade

Dam cascades have been a major threat to fishes of the upper Yangtze River. The remaining lotic river segment of the upper mainstem between the Xiangjiaba Dam (XJD) and the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) may serve as a critical refuge for endemic fishes. We investigated distribution of ichthyoplankton Botia superciliaris, an endemic species, at three sections preimpoundment and postimpoundment of the XJD, that is, Yibin (close to the XJD), Zhuyang (in the middle of the segment), and Mudong (in the tail of the TGR). Preimpoundment of the XJD, larvae occurred in all three sections, and their abundance tended to be highest at Yibin and lowest at Mudong. Postimpoundment, larval abundance dramatically decreased in all three sections. In particular, no larvae were found at Yibin, and larval abundance tended to be higher at Zhuyang than at Mudong. Eggs were collected from all three sections, and those from Zhuyang accounted for over 90% of the total. Initiation of egg occurrence at Yibin was approximately 1 month later than at Zhuyang and Mudong. Water temperature was lower, and water transparency was higher at Yibin than at Zhuyang and Mudong postimpoundment. We suggest that the decrease in abundance and delayed presence of ichthyoplankton at Yibin postimpoundment of the XJD reflected the impact of upstream dam discharge and that the lower abundance of ichthyoplankton at Mudong compared with Zhuyang both preimpoundment and postimpoundment of the XJD reflected the influence of inundation by the TGR. We recommend that the river sections around Zhuyang become high‐priority conservation areas