An overlapping Yee finite‐difference time‐domain method for material interfaces between anisotropic dielectrics and general dispersive or perfect electric conductor media

A novel stable anisotropic finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) algorithm based on the overlapping cells is developed for solving Maxwell's equations of electrodynamics in anisotropic media with interfaces between different types of materials, such as the interface between anisotropic dielectrics and dispersive medium or perfect electric conductor (PEC). The previous proposed conventional anisotropic FDTD methods suffer from the late‐time instability due to the extrapolation of the field components near the material interface. The proposed anisotropic overlapping Yee FDTD method is stable, as it relies on the overlapping cells to provide the collocated field values without any interpolation or extrapolation. Our method has been applied to simulate electromagnetic invisibility cloaking devices with both anisotropic dielectrics and PEC included in the computational domain. Numerical results and eigenvalue analysis confirm that the conventional anisotropic FDTD method is weakly unstable, whereas our method is stable. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Full‐wave optoelectrical modeling of optimized flattened light‐scattering substrate for high efficiency thin‐film silicon solar cells

The flattened light‐scattering substrate (FLiSS) is formed by a combination of two materials with a high refractive index mismatch, and it has a flat surface. A specific realization of this concept is a flattened two‐dimensional grating. When applied as a substrate for thin‐film silicon solar cells in the nip configuration, it is capable to reflect light with a high fraction of diffused component. Furthermore, the FLiSS is an ideal substrate for growing high‐quality microcrystalline silicon (µc‐Si:H), used as bottom cell absorber layer in most of multijunction solar cell architectures. FLiSS is a three‐dimensional structure; therefore, a full‐wave analysis of the electromagnetic field is necessary for its optimal implementation. Using finite element method, different shapes, materials, and geometrical parameters were investigated to obtain an optimized FLiSS. The application of the optimized FLiSS in µc‐Si:H single junction nip cell (1‐µm‐thick i‐layer) resulted in a 27.4‐mA/cm² implied photocurrent density. The absorptance of µc‐Si:H absorber exceeded the theoretical Yablonovitch limit for wavelengths larger than 750 nm. Double and triple junction nip solar cells on optimal FLiSS and with thin absorber layers were simulated. Results were in line with state‐of‐the‐art optical performance typical of solar cells with rough interfaces. After the optical optimization, a study of electrical performance was carried out by simulating current–voltage characteristics of nip solar cells on optimized FLiSS. Potential conversion efficiencies of 11.6%, 14.2%, and 16.0% for single, double, and triple junction solar cells with flat interfaces, respectively, were achieved. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

从勒贝革积分理论的建立和发展看函数黎曼可积条件的推广

我们知道,连续函数(continuous function)一定可积(integral),进一步研究又知道,有界函数(limitary function)且只有有限多个不连续点(discontinuous point),函数一定可积,那么,函数的可积条件能否进一步推广呢?本文从以测度论(measure theory)为基础的勒贝革积分理论(Lebesgue integral)的建立和发展过程中,探讨了这一问题。     

Local discretization error bounds using interval boundary element method

In this paper, a method to account for the point‐wise discretization error in the solution for boundary element method is developed. Interval methods are used to enclose the boundary integral equation and a sharp parametric solver for the interval linear system of equations is presented. The developed method does not assume any special properties besides the Laplace equation being a linear elliptic partial differential equation whose Green's function for an isotropic media is known. Numerical results are presented showing the guarantee of the bounds on the solution as well as the convergence of the discretization error. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于振速测量单全息面直接声场分离方法

摘 要：为了更精确的分离质点振速,以波叠加法作为声场分离算法基础,提出单全息面测量振速直接声场分离方法。建立了单面振速测量声场分离模型,并推导了理论计算方法,通过数值仿真,分析算法的计算精度,验证了该方法可以有效分离声场。然后对比本文分离方法和单面声压测量声场分离方法分离简单源和脉动声源的误差,结果表明：单面振速测量的直接声场分离方法可以有效分离目标声源,而且可以获得更高的振速分离精度。     

基于有限体积法的伴随数值模型研究

传统上认为伴随数值模型的构造应先设计正向方程的数值格式,然后由数值格式推导伴随数值格式建立伴随模型,但利用该方法过程繁杂繁琐,且从正数值模型直接得到伴随模型,制约了对伴随模型数值格式的具体设计,如利用该方法就无法构造有限体积法的伴随数值模型.为发挥有限体积法在数值格式和边界拟合方面的优势,和检验对伴随方程进行数值格式选取和设计的可行性,本文直接从深度平均的非线性守恒型浅水方程出发,先利用Lagrange法推导得到其伴随方程,然后再对浅水方程和伴随方程的数值通量分别采用二阶精度的Roe格式和一阶精度的Lax-Friedrichs流函数格式,建立正模型和伴随模型采用不同数值格式的无结构三角网格有限体积法的伴随模型.进行的一系列数值实验,正确反演出了顺直河道和概化河口的开边界,结果表明该方法构造伴随模型是可行的,为伴随模型的构造方法开辟了一条新的途径.     

Mixing processes in the cavity transfer mixer: A thorough study

In many industrial applications, the quality of mixing between different materials is fundamental to guarantee the desired properties of products. However, properly modeling and understanding polymer mixing presents noticeable difficulties, because of the variety and complexity of the phenomena involved. This is also the case with the Cavity Transfer Mixer (CTM), an add‐on to be mounted downstream of existing extruders, to improve distributive mixing. The present work proposes a fully three‐dimensional model of the CTM: a finite element solver provides the transient velocity field, which is used in the mapping method implementation to compute the concentration field evolution and quantify mixing. Several simulations are run assessing the impact on mixing of geometrical and functioning parameters. In general, the number of cavities per row should be limited and the cavity size rather big to guarantee good mixing quality. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 1034–1048, 2018     

Minimizing Communication Penalty of Triangular Solvers by Runtime Mesh Configuration and Workload Redistribution

In this article, we study the effects of network topology and load balancing on the performance of a new parallel algorithm for solving triangular systems of linear equations on distributed-memory message-passing multiprocessors. The proposed algorithm employs novel runtime data mapping and workload redistribution methods on a communication network which is configured as a toroidal mesh. A fully parameterized theoretical model is used to predict communication behaviors of the proposed algorithm relevant to load balancing, and the analytical performance results correctly determine the optimal dimensions of the toroidal mesh, which vary with the problem size, the number of available processors, and the hardware parameters of the machine. Further enhancement to the proposed algorithm is then achieved through redistributing the arithmetic workload at runtime. Our FORTRAN implementation of the proposed algorithm as well as its enhanced version has been tested on an Intel iPSC/2 hypercube, and the same code is also suitable for executing the algorithm on the iPSC/860 hypercube and the Intel Paragon mesh multiprocessor. The actual timing results support our theoretical findings, and they both confirm the very significant impact a network topology chosen at runtime can have on the computational load distribution, the communication behaviors and the overall performance of parallel algorithms.     

Hybrid vortex simulations of wind turbines using a three‐dimensional viscous–inviscid panel method

A hybrid filament‐mesh vortex method is proposed and validated to predict the aerodynamic performance of wind turbine rotors and to simulate the resulting wake. Its novelty consists of using a hybrid method to accurately simulate the wake downstream of the wind turbine while reducing the computational time used by the method. The proposed method uses a hybrid approach, where the near wake is resolved by using vortex filaments, which carry the vorticity shed by the trailing edge of the blades. The interaction of the vortex filaments in the near vicinity of the wind turbine is evaluated using a direct calculation, whereas the contribution from the large downstream wake is calculated using a mesh‐based method. The hybrid method is first validated in detail against the well‐known MEXICO experiment, using the direct filament method as a comparison. The second part of the validation includes a study of the influence of the time‐integration scheme used for evolving the wake in time, aeroelastic simulations of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory 5 MW wind turbine and an analysis of the central processing unit time showing the gains of using the hybrid filament‐mesh method. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

直流蒸汽发生器建模与仿真研究

以B&W公司直流蒸汽发生器(OTSG)为对象,基于仿真支撑软件APROS平台中的基本模块,建立了图形化的直流蒸汽发生器模型;利用不同的APROS两相流计算模型进行仿真,对比分析后选取六方程计算模型;将2种模拟工况下的仿真结果与压降和传热系数经验关系式的计算结果进行对比,根据对比结果修正模型的压降和传热系数;将设定工况下的稳态及动态仿真结果与国内外实验数据对比,验证了本文模型的准确性。