基于PI控制律的通用递阶模糊控制器

为解决常规模糊控制器存在的通用性和工程简便性问题,针对动态特性随操作条件变化对象建立自适应递阶模糊控制器,实现闭环模糊增益调度,并引入稳定监督控制使控制系统具有工程稳定性。     

Powered domestic lawnmowers: design for safety

The paper describes a detailed accident investigation carried out by the Institute for Consumer Ergonomics for the Consumer Safety Unit at the Department of Trade. As such it serves to illustrate the application of two specific research techniques (i) analysis of product related accident data, and (ii) ergonomics evaluation of current models - and shows how these may be used to help in defining standards and criteria for the design of safer products. The study identified lawnmower features and activities associated with accidents recorded by the Home Accident Surveillance System. Ergonomics appraisal by expert assessment and user trials highlighted hazards associated with currently available powered lawnmowers. Performance criteria for safer design of selected features were developed with the aim of overcoming these hazards. At the end of the study liaison was sought with manufacturers to discuss how the results from the work could be used to effect.     

地方中小水利水电工程建设安全工作不容忽视

针对当前地方中小水利水电工程施工中存在的各类安全问题,分析归纳了安全事故产生的原因,提出加强政府监管、规范监理执业行为、加强监理岗前准入制和执法监管力度等解决施工安全问题的措施。     

浅论水行政过程中的正当法律程序

水行政执法是水行政管理工作的主要内容之一,依照正当的法律程序进行水行政执法可以充分保障行政相对人的合法权益,并对水政执法机关的执法行为形成必要监督,使水行政执法更加高效、有序.在法律的框架内严格依照法律程序实施水行政执法,推动水利改革发展,是水行政主管部门必须认真对待的问题.     

A Review of:“The Remembering Self: Construction and Accuracy in the Self-narrative”, edited by ULRIC NEISSER and ROBYN FIVUSH,Cambridge University Press,New York (1994), pp. x + 301, £30.00, ISBN 0-521-43194-8

Driving is a task that requires the timely detection of critical events and relevant changes in traffic circumstances. Adaptation of speed and safety margins allows drivers to control the time available to react to potential hazards. One of the basic safety margins in driving is the time headway preserved with respect to cars ahead. To avoid rear-end collisions, drivers have to detect decelerations of lead cars. It can be assumed that fast or abrupt decelerations of the lead car are detected faster than slow or gradual decelerations. Moreover, expected decelerations are presumably detected faster than unexpected decelerations. Drivers' responses to rather abrupt and more gradual decelerations of the lead were investigated in a driving simulator. Situational traffic cues were used to manipulate the driver's expectations. Drivers adjusted the timing of their responses very well to the level of deceleration of the lead car. If cues in the environment indicated that the lead car was likely to decelerate, drivers reacted faster. Moreover, drivers increased their headway before the lead car actually started to decelerate, which can be considered an anticipatory response. In general, anticipation allows drivers to maintain their preferred headway and control time pressure in driving.     

风险社会下的刑法沉思——兼评食品安全刑法保护的严刑峻法

科技带来快捷与便利的同时也带来了风险与隐患,科技的“双刃剑”在食品安全领域的演绎尤为突出,助推着食品安全犯罪的发生并日益挑战民生底限。基于此,刑法在立法、司法乃至理论研究方面均呈现出严刑峻法的实证关注和理论热情。但法治毕竟不同于政治,更有别于民意,食品安全刑法保护理应遵循“秉承谦抑、坚守原则、兼顾例外、行政延伸”的理性进路。     

水电工程环境监理报告编制技术要点研究

水电工程建设周期长,施工期的污染治理与生态保护是工程建设的重要内容,目前大中型水电工程已普遍推行环境监理制度,如何编制工程环境监理报告也是环境监理的重要组成部分.探讨监理报告的编制格式、内容与要求,以期为水电项目环境监理报告编制的规范化、程序化提供一定的参考依据.     

糯扎渡水电站地下厂房开挖施工监理控制

糯扎渡水电站地下厂房是国内最大规模的地下厂房之一,工期紧、施工强度高。监理工程师根据现场情况,明确了开挖顺序、施工通道、通风、钻爆施工、特殊部位的开挖、支护质量等是监理机构质量控制的重点。通过开挖程序控制、钻爆施工方案审查、特殊区域施工的控制等工作,确保了工程进度、施工质量、施工安全目标的实现。对同类工程有借鉴参考作用。     

浅谈在当前大规模水利建设形势下如何做好监理工作

本文分析了当前水利建设过程中存在的问题,并从监理角度提出做好监督管理的具体措施.     

Crossing safety barriers: influence of children's morphological and functional variables

Thirty-three children between 3 and 6 years of age were asked to climb four different types of safety barriers. Morphological and functional variables of the children, which were expected to influence climbing or passing through skills, were collected. The influence of those variables on children’s success rate and time to cross was tested. No barrier offered a total restraining efficacy. The horizontal bars barrier was crossed by 97% of the children. In the group of children that succeeded in crossing the four barriers, mean time to cross the most difficult barrier was 15 s. Age was the best predictor for success in crossing most barriers but morphology and strength were important predictors of time to cross. The influence of anthropometric variables in time to cross was dependent upon the characteristics of the barrier. A good design of safety barriers should consider children’s age, morphology and strength.