新立城水库坝基防渗高压摆喷灌浆参数试验

新立城水库土坝坝基属于双层地基,即表层为粘性土层,下面为沙砾石层。坝基下砾质粗砂和细砾为强透水层,连续分布。因需要防渗的透水层不厚(仅2～5m),采用高压喷射灌浆封堵透水层。施工前选定与坝段同样地质条件的试验场,用实际施工的喷灌设备分不同方案进行原型试验,开挖后观察成墙效果,最后确定施工技术参数。     

黑河水库引水洞上部滑坡的稳定性数值模拟分析

以黑河引水洞上部滑坡为例,采用二维离散元软件对滑坡的变形过程进行了数值模拟,分别从应力、应变、塑性区分布等方面分析滑坡的变形特征,并对坡面一点的速率、位移情况进行监测,模拟结果与实际观测结果大体上是吻合的,离散元数值模拟在一定程度上反映了坡体变形破坏的总体趋势.     

山美库区2011年污染物预测与入库量计算

针对山美水库库区污染物问题,对库区2011年污染物入库量进行初步计算得出流域污染物入库量及主要污染源,建议采取工程治理措施和非工程措施相结合的方法削减入库污染负荷,供山美水库流域水源地水污染防治实施参考。并能通过实施水生态系统保护与修复技术工程的建设,解决目前危害水源地安全的重大问题,推动山美水库水源地保护工作的全面开...     

辽宁省闹德海水库出库水沙关系研究

闹德海水库汛期排沙与防洪和兴利蓄水矛盾十分突出,研究该水库汛期排沙与汛期水位的联合控制,应首先深入研究该水库的出库水沙关系。本文通过不同情景下的出库水沙关系分析,得到实用性较强的出库水沙关系方案,为未来该水库的汛期水沙联合调度奠定基础,同时为国内同类问题的解决提供新思路。     

天津市于桥水库饮用水源地保护对策研究

于桥水库作为天津市最重要的饮用水水源地,其库区水体氮、磷浓度接近国家标准阈值,亟需采取保护防治措施缓解水体氮、磷污染负荷压力。本文基于水库型饮用水水源地环境保护技术框架的一般思路,开展了对于桥水库水环境治理技术方案的分析研究。首先,使用GWLF(普适流域负荷函数)模型对水库周边流域污染源负荷进行识别与负荷解析;之后,基于最佳管理实践(BMP)和低影响开发(LID)的理念和方法,同时根据于桥水库的具体实际情况,提出相应的工程治理措施,并采用BATHTUB模型对各工程措施进行环境效益评估计算;最后使用模糊层次分析法(FAHP)对各工程措施进行择优分析,得出最佳治理实施方案。     

A new methodology for Bayesian history matching using parallel interacting Markov chain Monte Carlo

This paper presents an innovative application of a new class of parallel interacting Markov chains Monte Carlo to solve the Bayesian history matching (BHM) problem. BHM consists of sampling a posterior distribution given by the Bayesian theorem. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is well suited for sampling, in principle, any type of distribution; however the number of iteration required by the traditional single-chain MCMC can be prohibitive in BHM applications. Furthermore, history matching is typically a highly nonlinear inverse problem, which leads in very complex posterior distributions, characterized by many separated modes. Therefore, single chain can be trapped into a local mode. Parallel interacting chains is an interesting way to overcome this problem, as shown in this paper. In addition, we presented new approaches to define starting points for the parallel chains. For validation purposes, the proposed methodology is firstly applied in a simple but challenging cross section reservoir model with many modes in the posterior distribution. Afterwards, the application to a realistic case integrated to geostatistical modelling is also presented. The results showed that the combination of parallel interacting chain with the capabilities of distributed computing commonly available nowadays is very promising to solve the BHM problem.     

朱庄水库流域径流量变化特征及影响因素

利用朱庄区域长系列水文资料,对径流量的年内、年际变化特征及变化趋势进行了分析研究,分析了人类活动影响引起下垫面变化导致径流变化的原因,估算了降水和下垫面变化对径流量的影响量。该区域径流量年内、年际变化较大;多年径流量系列呈减少趋势,尤其从20世纪70年代末以来径流量发生了显著变异;下垫面变化是径流量减少的主要原因。     

南水北调中线小南河串流片防洪水位计算

传统的多河流串流计算主要采用水库联调的方法,把串流的各条河流概化为静态水库,库水位水平且不考虑横向流动。为解决串流区水流的横向流动及水面线并不总像库水位一样水平的问题,采用二维非恒定流数学模型计算串流区洪水演进。通过概化地形、考虑入流、糙率、边界条件和水流的横向流动等因素,计算出了整个串流区域的水面线、水深、流速、出流等水力要素,并给出洪水演进模拟图,为确定河流与总干渠交叉建筑物的规模、总干渠左岸沿线水面线和对沿线村庄、农田的防洪影响提供了可靠的依据。     

3D porosity prediction from seismic inversion and neural networks

In this work, we address the problem of transforming seismic reflection data into an intrinsic rock property model. Specifically, we present an application of a methodology that allows interpreters to obtain effective porosity 3D maps from post-stack 3D seismic amplitude data, using measured density and sonic well log data as constraints. In this methodology, a 3D acoustic impedance model is calculated from seismic reflection amplitudes by applying an L₁-norm sparse-spike inversion algorithm in the time domain, followed by a recursive inversion performed in the frequency domain. A 3D low-frequency impedance model is estimated by kriging interpolation of impedance values calculated from well log data. This low-frequency model is added to the inversion result which otherwise provides only a relative numerical scale. To convert acoustic impedance into a single reservoir property, a feed-forward Neural Network (NN) is trained, validated and tested using gamma-ray and acoustic impedance values observed at the well log positions as input and effective porosity values as target. The trained NN is then applied for the whole reservoir volume in order to obtain a 3D effective porosity model. While the particular conclusions drawn from the results obtained in this work cannot be generalized, such results suggest that this workflow can be applied successfully as an aid in reservoir characterization, especially when there is a strong non-linear relationship between effective porosity and acoustic impedance.     

Modeling the permeability of carbonate reservoir using type-2 fuzzy logic systems

In this work, the use of type-2 fuzzy logic systems as a novel approach for predicting permeability from well logs has been investigated and implemented. Type-2 fuzzy logic system is good in handling uncertainties, including uncertainties in measurements and data used to calibrate the parameters. In the formulation used, the value of a membership function corresponding to a particular permeability value is no longer a crisp value; rather, it is associated with a range of values that can be characterized by a function that reflects the level of uncertainty. In this way, the model will be able to adequately account for all forms of uncertainties associated with predicting permeability from well log data, where uncertainties are very high and the need for stable results are highly desirable. Comparative studies have been carried out to compare the performance of the proposed type-2 fuzzy logic system framework with those earlier used methods, using five different industrial reservoir data. Empirical results from simulation show that type-2 fuzzy logic approach outperformed others in general and particularly in the area of stability and ability to handle data in uncertain situations, which are common characteristics of well logs data. Another unique advantage of the newly proposed model is its ability to generate, in addition to the normal target forecast, prediction intervals as its by-products without extra computational cost.