包头市九原区-达茂旗矿山地质环境现状及治理措施研究

包头市九原区-达茂旗区内矿山资源十分丰富,矿山资源的开发利用,使得包头市经济高速发展,但伴随着矿山的开发利用,同时衍生出一系列矿山地质环境问题。本文通过收集资料、遥感解译和实地勘查等方法,查明包头市九原区-达茂旗矿山地质环境问题类型、规模、分布及危害状况等现状。根据调查结果提出针对该区矿山地质环境问题修复建议和治理措施,并为矿山闭坑后环境治理和防灾减灾提供支撑。     

止水不良孔导致地下水串层污染的机制研究——以衡水某试验孔为例

华北平原长期存在"上咸下淡"的水质格局,近年来,咸水下移问题不断威胁深层淡水资源。根据衡水市某止水不良孔(GK井)修复前后其周边观测孔(XK4井)内水质变化情况,通过构建考虑钻孔串层污染的溶质运移模型,对止水不良孔作为优势通道引导咸水下移的机制进行了研究。结果表明:原本水力联系微弱的相邻含水层通过止水不良孔发生了越流,上层咸水在水头差作用下沿井管下移,经滤水管进入淡水层,导致下层淡水迅速咸化;GK井在14个月内形成的污染晕半径为20~75 m,导致XK4井地下淡水矿化度在5个月内升高约5倍;GK井封填后,污染物在水动力作用下发生扩散、稀释,被污染淡水在4个月后又恢复至原有浓度。止水不良孔造成的串层污染不容小觑,应及时发现及早治理。     

基于景观格局的承德市武烈河流域生态安全分析

人类的经济开发活动主要是在景观层次上进行,景观也是区域生态环境管理的基础单元之一,采用景观方法研究生态安全,可揭示不同景观类型间的迁移转化特征并进一步识别区域生态环境的变化趋势及其内在因素,对区域生态建设和资源开发具有指导意义。基于GIS技术支持以1980年和2000年遥感影像为基本信息源,在承德市武烈河流域景观格局分析的基础上,采用破碎度、分离度、优势度等景观格局指数和景观类型脆弱度为评价指标研究流域景观生态安全。与1980年相比,2000年武烈河流域景观的破碎化程度加剧,景观优势度下降,多样性和斑块分维数增大。1980年-2000年研究区除了耕地以外,其他景观类型的干扰程度均有所增加。总体来说,20年来研究区整体景观生态安全度呈现上升趋势。     

结合雨水利用的小区景观生态设计初探--以长江三角洲地区为例

以住宅小区景观生态设计基本原则为前提，结合长江三角洲地区的气候特征，探讨适宜于该地区的雨水利用与住宅小区景观生态设计相结合的可行性。并以此为依据对现有住宅小区进行改进的探讨。     

Drivers of revitalization in Great Lakes coastal communities

Sediment remediation and habitat restoration projects have been increasingly employed along the coast of the Great Lakes to improve environmental quality since the designation of 43 highly degraded Areas of Concern (AOCs) by the 1987 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between the U.S. and Canada. Improvements in water quality, habitat, and other environmental conditions can also support community wellbeing and revitalization; however, the mechanisms that support these connections are relatively unclear. We address this gap through a case study of three AOCs near Lake Michigan: 1) Grand Calumet River; 2) White Lake, and 3) Muskegon Lake. By analyzing secondary data and planning documents, we found that alongside environmental cleanup, anchor institutions, housing and economic development, and local events drive revitalization. Our research also illustrates that, rather than acting as discrete processes, environmental cleanup and revitalization drivers overlap in time and space. Finally, our research reveals a high level of variation within and across AOCs in terms of diverse socioeconomic contexts, planning capacities, and existing partnerships. Together, our findings point to the need for collaborative and inclusive planning processes that account for the heterogeneity present within and across AOCs to simultaneously support remediation, restoration, and revitalization and to sustain continued revitalization in AOC communities after delisting.     

Multivariate analysis of subjective evaluation of indoor lighting environment

Though subjective feelings affected by lighting have been studied a lot, multivariate experimental studies are lacking in this research field. Central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was applied to investigate the influence of illuminance, correlated color temperature (CCT) and illuminance uniformity on satisfaction in this study. A series of subject experiments were carried out and polynomial regression models of luminous satisfaction for different activity scenarios were generated. Illuminance and CCT affected the satisfaction significantly in visual task scenarios, and the effect of them was independent with each other, which was demonstrated by the regression model (R² = 0.89). The variation of luminous satisfaction in general activity scenarios cannot be fully explained by the three investigated factors. The results contributed to the knowledge of multivariate analysis of luminous environment and indicated that much could be expected referring to the application of CCRD in this field.     

镇江市降雨场次划分与暴雨特性分析

为划分镇江市降雨场次和分析暴雨特性,基于丹徒站1981-2016年汛期5-10月的逐分钟降雨资料,确定了降雨间隔时间,筛选了暴雨场次,分析了汛期各月暴雨次数和暴雨量的变化特性,解析了不同历时和不同强度暴雨的演变规律.结果表明:镇江市合理的降雨间隔时间为2 h;汛期总暴雨次数呈略微上升的趋势,总暴雨量以每10年43.4 ...     

首善之谋：北京西城区花园城市建设路径探索

【目的】随着首都减量发展阶段的到来,为贯彻生态文明思想、推动城市高质量发展,北京市即将开启“花园城市”转型。北京市核心区控规提出“将首都功能核心区建设成为政务环境优良、文化魅力彰显和人居环境一流的首善之区”。作为首都功能核心区,西城区的花园城市建设是逐步完善并实现首善之区的必经阶段。【方法/过程】基于2018年至今西城区在落实核心区规划和城市精细化治理2方面的成效,结合区域特色,以问题为导向,科学系统地探索首都核心区花园城市创建路径。【结果/结论】围绕西城区的功能定位、绿色资源、百姓生活等方面,初步探索出“塑造大国形象核心精华”“提高特色功能区感知度”“打造优美舒适出行环境”“丰富绿色空间畅游体验”“强化城市生态韧性本底”“建设绿色数字生态文明”“构建全民参与共建体系”7项重点任务,为实现西城区高质量发展建设模式提供参考。     

青海省格尔木市西大滩东多金属矿控矿因素及找矿前景

青海省格尔木市西大滩东多金属矿出露地层主要为早-中三叠世昌马河地层走向呈北西~南东向,与区域构造线方向基本一致。是测区的主要矿源层,为后期矿化提供了物质基础。比较发育的北西向、北西西向逆断层具有明显的多期活动特点,多形成破碎带,为热液活动、成矿元素富集提供了良好空间,对本区矿化起着一定的控制作用,破碎蚀变带控制了土壤异常展布。本文对西大滩东多金属矿控矿因素及找矿前景进行分析探讨。     

Smart firefighting construction in China: Status,problems, and reflections

“Smart firefighting” construction as a part of the “smart city” has been a concern of the public security and fire agencies at all levels. In this study, the status, problems, and reflections of “smart firefighting” construction in China are discussed. A recent survey indicates that China has launched its smart firefighting construction and initially created a new perspective on its regional smart firefighting work based on three main aspects: intelligent disaster perception by Internet of Things (IoT) construction, intelligent disaster prevention by big data construction, and intelligent disaster disposal by emergency rescue platform construction. However, the current smart firefighting construction in China still has some prominent problems such as the data interconnectivity and normalized management of various platforms, the extensibility of smart firefighting platforms, and the intelligent level of smart firefighting researches, which need to be solved urgently. Therefore, we argue that smart firefighting construction in China should establish data interconnectivity, industrial normalized management, 2D/3D geographic information interaction and extension, high-integration fire protection theory, and many other aspects in the near future and truly realize firefighting visualization and efficient data applications for 4D time space. This study could provide valuable reference for smart firefighting and smart city construction.