A review:Photonics devices,architectures,and algorithms for optical neural computing

The explosive growth of data and information has motivated various emerging non-von Neumann computational approaches in the More-than-Moore era.Photonics neuromorphic computing has attracted lots of attention due to the fascinating advantages such as high speed,wide bandwidth,and massive parallelism.Here,we offer a review on the optical neural computing in our research groups at the device and system levels.The photonics neuron and photonics synapse plasticity are presented.In addition,we introduce several optical neural computing architectures and algorithms including photonic spiking neural network,photonic convolutional neural network,photonic matrix computation,photonic reservoir computing,and photonic reinforcement learning.Finally,we summarize the major challenges faced by photonic neuromorphic computing,and propose promising solutions and perspectives.     

Functional Materials for Memristor-Based Reservoir Computing: Dynamics and Applications

The booming development of artificial intelligence (AI) requires faster physical processing units as well as more efficient algorithms. Recently, reservoir computing (RC) has emerged as an alternative brain-inspired framework for fast learning with low training cost, since only the weights associated with the output layers should be trained. Physical RC becomes one of the leading paradigms for computation using high-dimensional, nonlinear, dynamic substrates. Among them, memristor appears to be a simple, adaptable, and efficient framework for constructing physical RC since they exhibit nonlinear features and memory behavior, while memristor-implemented artificial neural networks display increasing popularity towards neuromorphic computing. In this review, the memristor-implemented RC systems from the following aspects: architectures, materials, and applications are summarized. It starts with an introduction to the RC structures that can be simulated with memristor blocks. Specific interest then focuses on the dynamic memory behaviors of memristors based on various material systems, optimizing the understanding of the relationship between the relaxation behaviors and materials, which provides guidance and references for building RC systems coped with on-demand application scenarios. Furthermore, recent advances in the application of memristor-based physical RC systems are surveyed. In the end, the further prospects of memristor-implemented RC system in a material view are envisaged.     

Evaluation and selection of hedging policies using stochastic reservoir simulation

A hedging policy is characterized by three parameters, namely, starting water availability (SWA), ending water availability (EWA) and hedging factor (HF). The effects of these three parameters on the reservoir performance indicators have been evaluated and discussed for a southwest monsoon-dependent within-year reservoir system in southern India. For the performance evaluation, synthetically generated periodic inflow sequences from a periodic autoregressive model have been used. Quite a number of the 1800 hedging policies considered for the reservoir system, yield a better overall performance compared to the standard operating policy (SOP). Reliability, Resilience and vulnerability are found to increase with SWA for a specified EWA. On the other hand, all these performance indicators are found to decrease with EWA for a specified SWA. Hence, it is desirable to start the hedging at reasonably high SWA. All performance indicators remain practically constant at higher ranges of EWA for a given SWA. If hedging is started when there is enough water in storage, reliability, resilience and average deficit increase with degree of hedging, whereas vulnerability decreases significantly up to a hedging factor of 0.3. An interactive computer program has been developed for the selection of compromising hedging policies, and its usefulness has been discussed.     

温降和水库蓄水引起的碾压混凝土拱坝裂缝分析

施工温降是引起碾压混凝土拱坝裂缝的主要荷载。均匀温降作用下拱坝在裂缝前整个断面处于受拉状态，最大拉应力出现在拱端上游面和拱冠下游面。均匀温降使碾压混凝土拱坝全断面受拉，坝体形成深层的或贯穿性的裂缝对拱坝的危害较大。施工温降在水库放空时所产生的裂缝深度一般比水库蓄满时大。水荷载所产生的压应力可以部分或全部抵销温降所产生的拉应力。一般来说，上游水荷载对拱坝的作用更大，它在拱圈大部分区域产生很大的压力，因而使裂缝的扩展受到抑制。用水平拱作为计算图形进行结构分析，能较好地反映出碾压混凝土拱坝的应力和裂缝状况；混凝土的钝裂缝带模型用于有限元断裂分析和确定裂缝扩展深度比较方便。     

论三峡水库泥沙淤积的控制——处理三峡水库泥沙的策略与措施

本文专门论述三峡水库泥沙淤积的控制，它是解决三峡工程泥沙问题的关键之一，首先介绍了根据多年研究，提出的利用水库长期使用方法，控制库容淤积，从而能保证绝大部分防洪库容和调节库容。其次提出按照水库积和回水的相互作用，利用防洪限制水位控制库尾回水抬高、筘辊重庆市洪水位抬高，以尽可能减少中、后期淹没，第三、着重阐述了在三峡水库泥沙研究中为了增加水库航深，首次提出航运控制调度的概念，以限制枯水期水位消落，增加其航深，在此基础上从水库淤积控制角度论述了三峡水库运用水位的选择。     

沟后坝溃决的稳定分析

在渗流分析的基础上，对沟后坝上部坝体的下游坡进行了抗滑稳定计算。计算结果表明，沟后坝的下游坡在饱和状态难以满足抗滑稳定性要求。     

关于青狮潭水库向漓江旅游有偿供水问题之我见

漓江枯水季节不能全程通航，影响了旅游的发展。１９８７年以来，由青狮潭水库放水入漓江补充漓江水量，辅以适当的航道疏浚，解决了近期桂林至阳朔间的旅游、货运通航问题。由此而带来的经济效益估算累计１．５亿元．但是供水至今还是无偿的，有偿供水应该尽快得以实施。     

琅琊山抽水蓄能电站动能设计特点

利用已建水库建设抽水蓄能电站要搞好统一规划、综合协调，要研究合理的补偿措施和做好水库调度确保电站正常运行．在水库调度中要研究水头保证率和蓄能电站出力受阻机率与受阻程度，水源条件应能确保蓄能电站的正常运行，要特别重视水库在枯水期的运行方式，要在水库中保留发电专用水量，并估计因此产生的对水库其它供水任务的不利影响，明确分析在特枯水年份蓄能发电与水库供水矛盾的集中程度，并研究相应情况的处理措施，以确保蓄能电站的正常运行．     

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本文对“保护油气层防止地层损害”这一课题中的若干重要概念进行了探讨。对如何给地层损害下科学的定义。通过射孔完井电模拟试验,证明了某些情况下,射孔对地层的损害比钻井损害更为严重。目前普遍采用矿场试井法所确定的表皮系数作为地层是否受损的差别标准是不够确切的。     

准噶尔盆地天然气赋存形式及气藏类型

本文根据现有资料对准噶尔盆地天然气的赋存形式及气藏类型进行了初步总结。认为盆地的天然气有三种赋存形式,即溶解气、气顶气和凝析气。主要分布在盆地西北缘和台3断块内。按控制气藏形成的主要因素,可将区内气藏分为构造气藏、岩性气藏和火成岩气藏等三类。