坡缕石/Al掺杂CdS复合材料光催化降解罗丹明B

采用溶剂热法制备了坡缕石/Al掺杂CdS复合材料(PGS/CdS-Al),运用XRD、XPS、SEM、UV-Vis DRS及PL对材料的结构、形貌以及光学性能进行了表征.结果表明,Al元素成功掺杂到CdS中,CdS的晶体结构没有改变,但其禁带宽带变宽.可见光照射下,该复合材料对孔雀石绿、亚甲基蓝、甲基橙、结晶紫、罗丹明B有机染料均有光催化降解活性,且对罗丹明B的光催化降解效果最好.光照40 min,质量浓度为0.67 g/L 15％PGS/CdS-Al(15％为PGS的负载量,以生成的CdS质量计)对30 mL质量浓度为20 mg/L罗丹明B的降解率为98.7％,反应主要活性基团是h+.该降解反应符合一级动力学,反应速率常数为0.067 min–1.     

LaCoO_3光催化降解孔雀绿染料的研究

采用硬脂酸溶胶-凝胶法合成出钙钛矿型复合氧化物LaCoO3,用XRD,TEM等手段进行了表征,并以其为催化剂对染料孔雀绿进行降解实验。以高压汞灯为光源,研究了催化时间、催化剂用量、染料起始浓度、溶液pH值以及H2O2加入量对降解率的影响。结果表明,100 mL10 mg/L孔雀绿溶液用0.15 g催化剂降解2 h,降解率达到90.1%,加入适量的H2O2、提高溶液pH值均会提高染料的降解率。     

多组分氯盐体系镁锂分离规律初探

以Na₂CO₃为沉淀剂,初步研究了多组分氯盐混合体系（0.6 mol MgCl₂+1.1 mol LiCl+3.2 mol NaCl）中选择性沉镁的工艺规律。结果表明：在25~80 ℃,总C与总Mg物质的量比[n（C_T）/n（Mg_T）]为 0.8~1.1时,25 ℃形成针状MgCO₃·3H₂O,40 ℃以上形成Mg₅（CO₃）₄（OH）₂·4H₂O不规则片状团聚微球,其中40~50 ℃形成的片状物较为分散且粒径较小,导致固液分离困难。40 ℃时沉镁率最低。温度越高,Li₂CO₃越易形成,沉锂率越大。n（C_T）/n（Mg_T）越大沉镁率和沉锂率越高。室温（25 ℃）、n（C_T）/n（Mg_T）=1.0时,沉镁率达98%以上,且沉锂率<0.1%,镁锂分离效果最好。     

基于Java 3D的地球空间环境可视化研究

根据空间科学研究对交互性和Web化的发展需求,将Java 3D应用于该领域。深入剖析了Java 3D的主要几何类和实现细节;改进并实现了一种矩形网格等值线生成算法,解决了二义性和等值点在网格顶点的问题;介绍了一种生成规则网格的简单算法,并选用合适的Java 3D类加以实现;介绍了一种数值———颜色映射算法,并将空间环境数据映射为RGB颜色信息。综合运用这些算法,对地球空间环境中若干物理要素模型进行了二维和三维可视化。可视化结果与国内外空间环境模型研究成果基本一致,说明上述算法正确,有较高的参考价值。     

Carbon nanotubes and onions from carbon monoxide using Ni(acac)2 and Cu(acac)2 as catalyst precursors

New catalyst precursors (copper and nickel acetylacetonates) have been used successfully for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes and onion particles from carbon monoxide. Catalyst nanoparticles and carbon products were produced by metal-organic precursor vapour decomposition and catalytic disproportionation of carbon monoxide in a laminar flow reactor at temperatures between 705 and 1216 °C. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were formed in the presence of nickel particles at 923-1216 °C. The CNTs were single-walled, 1-3 nm in diameter and up to 90 nm long. Hollow carbon onion particles (COPs) were produced in the presence of copper particles at 1216 °C. The COPs were from 5 to 30 nm in diameter and consisted of several concentric carbon layers surrounding a hollow core. The results of computational fluid dynamics calculations to determine the temperature and velocity profiles and mixing conditions of the species in the reactor are presented. The mechanisms for the formation of both CNTs and COPs are discussed on the basis of the experimental and computational results.     

Evolution of chemistry and morphology during the carbonization and combustion of rice husk

Both fine carbon/silica and pure silica powders can be obtained by carbonization and combustion of rice husk under non-isothermal conditions, and the products can be used for preparation of high-quality ceramic materials. Studies on the morphology, chemical and physical characteristics of products were carried out by N₂-adsorptionmeter, SEM, XRD, FTIR, ICP-MS and EA. Results indicate that decreasing the heating rate increased the specific surface area, pore volume and pore diameter. At a heating rate of 5 °C/min, the specific surface areas of both the carbon/silica and pure silica powders were 261 and 235 m²/g, and the average pore diameters were 2.2 and 5.4 nm, respectively. The products obtained from various heating rates were all amorphous. Thermogravimetric analysis was employed to study the reaction characteristics during carbonization or combustion, indicating that decomposition process of rice husk could be divided into three temperature zones. This results of the study can also provide the important information on the recovery of biomass material from rice husk.     

Use of organosolv lignin in phenol-formaldehyde resins for particleboard production: II. Particleboard production and properties

The objective of this work was to demonstrate the utility of lignin-based resins designed for application as an adhesive in the production of particleboard. Bond qualities of lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resins, phenolated-lignin-formaldehyde resins and commercial phenol-formaldehyde (PF-com) resin were assessed by using an automatic bonding evaluation system, prior to production of particleboards. In order to evaluate the quality of lignin-based resins, particleboards were produced and physical and mechanical properties were investigated. These physical properties included internal bond, modules of rupture and modulus of elasticity. Thickness swell and water absorption properties of particleboards bonded with lignin-based resins were also determined. The lignin-based resins have been reported previously in Part I of this study. The results showed that particleboards bonded with phenolated-lignin formaldehyde resins (up to 30% lignin content) exhibited similar physical and mechanical properties when compared to particleboards bonded with PF-com. The work has indicated that phenolated-lignin formaldehyde resins (up to 30% substitution level) can be used successfully as a wood adhesive for constructing particleboard. The performance of these panels is comparable to those of boards made using PF-com resin.     

SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2-Al_2O_3催化合成脂肪酸季戊四醇酯的研究

以脂肪酸和季戊四醇为原料,三甲苯为带水剂,SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3固体超强酸催化,合成脂肪酸季戊四醇酯。实验结果表明,控制酯化温度(180～200)℃、醇酸物质的量比为1∶5.6、催化剂加入量为原料总量的0.9%和反应时间为4h时,可获得最佳反应结果,酯化率达99.88%。IR谱表明,产品中羟基吸收峰基本消失,证明酯化反应较充分和完全。     

Effect of the metal oxide loading on the activity of silica supported MoO3 and V2O5 catalysts in the selective partial oxidation of methane

Precipitated silica catalysts loaded with either MoO₃ (0.2–4.0 wt%) or V₂O₅ (0.2–5.3 wt%) have been studied in the selective partial oxidation of methane to formaldehyde with molecular oxygen at 520 °C. The functionality of the SiO₂ surface towards the formation of HCHO is significantly promoted by V₂O₅, while it is depressed by the MoO₃.     

Effects of amino acid replacements around the reactive site of chicken ovomucoid domain 3 on the inhibitory activity toward chymotrypsin and trypsin

We have previously shown that replacing the P1-site residue(Ala) of chicken ovomucoid domain 3 (OMCHI3) with a Met or Lysresults in the acquisition of inhibitory activity toward chymotrypsinor trypsin, respectively. However, the inhibitory activitiesthus induced are not strong. In the present study, we introducedadditional amino acid replacements around the reactive siteto try to make the P1-site mutants more effective inhibitorsof chymotrypsin or trypsin. The amino acid replacement AspTyrat the P2' site of OMCHI3(P1Met) resulted in conversion to a35000-fold more effective inhibitor of chymotrypsin with aninhibitor constant (K_i) of 1.17x10^–11 M. The K_i valueof OMCHI3(P1Met, P2'Ala) indicated that the effect on the interactionwith chymotrypsin of removing a negative charge from the P2'site was greater than that of introducing an aromatic ring.Similarly, enhanced inhibition of trypsin was observed whenthe AspTyr replacement was introduced into the P2' site of OMCHI3(P1Lys).Two additional replacements, AspAla at the P4 site and ArgAlaat the P3' site, made the mutant a more effective inhibitorof trypsin with a K_i value of 1.44x10^–9 M. By contrast,ArgAla replacement at the P3' site of OMCHI3(P1Met, P2'Tyr)resulted in a greatly reduced inhibition of chymotrypsin, andAspAla replacement at the P4 site produced only a small changewhen compared with a natural variant of OMCHI3. These resultsclearly indicate that not only the P1-site residue but alsothe characteristics, particularly the electrostatic properties,of the amino acid residues around the reactive site of the proteaseinhibitor determine the strength of its interactions with proteases.Furthermore, amino acids with different characteristics arerequired around the reactive site for strong inhibition of chymotrypsinand trypsin.