基于多元数据和不同分类算法的遥感影像信息提取及精度评价 ——以祁连山东段为例

以祁连山东段典型山地系统为研究区,通过提取研究区TM影像的主成分、各类植被指数、基于灰度共生矩阵的影像纹理特征以及研究区地形特征等数据,应用最优波段指数方法得到最优波段组合,并运用非监督分类、最大似然法、支持向量机分类法、决策树分类法对上述最优波段进行分类研究。结果表明多尺度数据挖掘有利于分类精度的提高,同时选取合适的判断标准的决策树分类方法在遥感信息提取中有比较直观意义和较高的分类精度。在上述分类方法中分类精度由高到低为决策树分类>支持向量机法>最大似然法>非监督分类法。决策树分类总体分类精度为94.50%,kappa系数为0.9122。
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四川省汶川地震重灾区人居环境适宜性评价

本文选取地震灾害危险性、次生山地灾害危险性、可利用土地资源、可利用水资源、环境容量承载力、生态系统脆弱性、生态重要性、经济发展水平、人口聚集度、交通优势度等10大评价因子,应用GIS技术,采用关键因子与权重分析相结合的评价方法,建立评价模型 ,对5.12地震重灾区人居环境适宜性进行综合评价。结果表明：重灾区人居适宜区和较适宜区位于东部平原、丘陵区;中等适宜区主要位于丘陵、低山、西北部高原及龙门山前过渡区;适宜性较差区和差区基本位于龙门山高山峡谷区。根据人居适宜性分区结果,讨论了各适宜区灾后重建的产业、城镇布局及人口规模。     

太行山新生代构造隆升的地质学证据--来自沁水盆地沁参1井的磷灰石裂变径迹证据

对采自太行山西侧的沁水盆地沁参1井及邻区12个样品进行了磷灰石裂变径迹分析,结合太行山东侧石家庄－邢台地区9个样品的磷灰石／锆石裂变径迹结果,综合分析表明：太行山在新生代的抬升是不均衡的,前新生代的剥蚀夷平－准平原化后,古近纪初经历了隆升,再到古近纪末的剥蚀夷平,最后到新近纪的快速隆升。现今太行山的主体是新近纪以来隆升的,即23～18 Ma以来,其中快速隆升期为上新世以来,隆升幅度为4000 m,隆升的平均速率为0.18 mm／a。新近纪以来太行山的隆起主要来自于3个因素：①欧亚板块碰撞的远程效力;②热冷却;③构造负荷综合作用。新生代太行山的抬升与其周缘盆地和山脉的演化存在着对应关系,为一个区域性事件。     

场所限制·特色营造——福州三江口高级中学设计

本文以福州三江口高级中学设计为例,探讨了场所限制与营造特色校园之间的关系,提出了"山脉+山谷"的设计构思,并进一步论述了从建筑总体布局.多元空间.双尺度造型.多方向路径等几个方面去打造特色中学校园的设计历程。     

INVESTIGATION OF ACID DEPOSITION EFFECTS ON SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN RED SPRUCE (Picea rubens) BY DETERMINATION OF CALCIUM,MAGNESIUM, AND ALUMINUM IN FOLIAGE AND SURROUNDING SOIL USING ICP-OES

Red spruce (Picea rubens) are conifers found at high elevations (above 1370 m) sites in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. A decline of red spruce forests in the Southern Appalachian Mountains caused by atmospheric acid deposition has been reported since the 1970s. Acid deposition leaches essential nutrients (calcium and magnesium) out of the soil and increases the availability of toxic metals (aluminum) to plants. Acid deposition effects on red spruce forests were investigated by determining aluminum, calcium, and magnesium in foliage and surrounding soils using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). There was some correlation in nutrient or toxic metal concentrations found in the foliage or surrounding soils of red spruce trees with respect to elevation and geography of red spruce forests located in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. The majority of the results indicated that foliar nutrient or toxic metal concentrations from red spruce trees did not correlate with soil metal concentrations. Life stage of red spruces trees were independent of foliar or soil metal concentrations. A previously developed model using soil calcium/aluminum molar ratios suggested that almost all sample sites located in the Southern Appalachian Mountains are at high risk of adverse forests health effects. A comparison of red spruce sapling foliar calcium/aluminum ratios at Clingman's Dome, North Carolina/Tennessee, suggested a possible improvement since the 1980s in red spruce forest health. A comparison of sapling red spruce foliar calcium and magnesium concentrations with previous studies, which spanned 40 years, at Richland Balsam, North Carolina, suggested an improvement in red spruce health since 1994.     

Equilibrium between Clinopyroxene and Host Rocks: Implication for the Magmatic Source and Evolution of Alkali Basalts of the Taohekou Formation in the Northern Daba Mountains,China

The Taohekou Formation is a volcanic-sedimentary terrane formed in the early Silurian in the northern Daba Mountains,China.The volcanic rocks,with dominant alkali basalts and minor mantle xenoliths,are enriched in clinopyroxene phenocrysts.Geochemical analysis shows that the composition of clinopyroxenes from different lithofacies has a close affinity.There is a liner correlation present in composition of clinopyroxenes(including phenocryst,microcrystal and xenocryst)from coarse porphyritic basalts,pillow or fine porphyritic basalts to amygdaloidal basalts.All the clinopyroxenes,except the clinopyroxenes in mantle xenoliths,show a similar pattern of trace elements and REE,which indicates that they are likely products of successive fractional crystallization from cognate magma.Clinopyroxenes in mantle xenoliths,however,are mantle xenocrysts.The crystallization pressure of clinopyroxenes gradually decreases from mantle xenolith,deep-seated xenocryst,coarse porphritic basalts,pillow or fine porphritic basalts,to amygdaloidal basalts,which are 1.92-4.41 GPa,1.18-2.36 GPa,1.13-2.05 GPa,0.44-0.62 GPa and 0.14-0.28 GPa respectively.Calculation results suggest that the primary magma originated from a mantle region deeper than 68km and stagnates in intervals of 37-68 km,15-20 km and 5-9 km during its ascent.The alkali basalts are characterized by increasing concentrations of Si and alkaline with the magmatic evolution.Meanwhile,they are markedly enriched in LREE,and the patterns of trace elements and REE are similar to those of oceanic island basalts.     

北秦岭蟒岭地区萤石矿地质特征与找矿潜力

蟒岭岩体地处秦岭腹地,横跨豫陕两省,与其相关的矿产资源丰富,大地构造位置位于秦岭复合型大陆造山带之北秦岭构造带。成矿区带隶属北秦岭牧护关—蟒岭燕山期铁铜钼钨铅锌萤石成矿带,共发现萤石矿床(点) 26处。蟒岭地区的萤石矿产于蟒岭燕山期二长花岗岩中,严格受区内三、四级断裂构造控制,矿石呈浅紫色—紫色和无色,少量呈浅绿色,半自形粒状结构、他形粒状结构、交代—溶蚀结构,常见的围岩蚀变有硅化、方解石化等。其形成机制为:燕山晚期富氟的岩浆期后热液沿着断裂通道上行,在其上升运移时还不断萃取交代围岩中F、Ca元素,随着温度极速下降,在氧化环境下于北北西、北东东、近南北向次级断裂中充填交代围岩角砾,形成萤石矿体,矿床类型为低温热液充填型。蟒岭地区成矿地质背景优越,萤石矿成矿物质和构造前提具备,氟化探异常、萤石自然重砂异常发育,指示性良好,矿化线索丰富,找矿标志明显,通过工作扩大矿床规模、实现找矿新突破的潜力巨大。     

长白山生态地质及稳定性探讨

本文搜集了数篇研究文献及调查报告，将长白山天池的形成演化过程及生态资源介绍给大家，并对其未来喷发的可能性进行了探讨。     

城市旅游度假区规划设计探索——以广州大夫山旅游度假区为例

广州市番禺区大夫山旅游度假区规划进行宏观分析,确立发展战略;提炼地区特质,旅游选题不断创新;选择分区发展,兼顾经济利益与公共利益;增加旅游产品,调节淡旺季失衡;依山就势,集水为湖,保护城市旅游度假区的自然生态环境.     

Medicinal plants in the Altai Mountains: reserves of raw materials and annual possible volumes of harvesting

Russia is one of the leading exporters of wild medicinal plants in Europe, and the Altai Mountains are the main harvest areas. The conservation strategy includes both the exploitation of wild populations and the cultivation of medicinal plants. To avoid over-harvesting of medicinal plants in nature it is essential to observe the mode of sustainable use. The paper aims to analyse data on resources of 91 medicinal plant species in the Altai Mountains. Exploitable reserves, annual possible volume of harvesting and harvesting periodicity are given for 34 commercial species. We compared data on dynamics of harvestings and exploitable reserves for brand species with subsurface parts used. The Altai Mountains has great potential as a resource region of medicinal plants. Commercial harvesters apparently ignore the mode of sustainable use. The question needs further research and effective enforcement of the legal framework.