山区公路边坡防护加固技术

山区道路的防护意义十分重大,由于交通事业的发展以及交通荷载的急剧增加,公路边坡的防护就显得更为重要。本文结合山区道路的地形、地貌和地质条件,根据有关规范和参考许多边坡防护的经验,为了满足S104河唐段公路的防护,提出了护面墙、浆砌片石护坡、挂网锚喷防护、植被砼防护、框架肋梁防护等防护形式及技术要求,介绍了此类防护的施工方法及其施工注意事项,给出了使用评价结果,并据此提出了山区公路边坡的防护形式、技术要求及防护功效。     

大小兴安岭多年冻土分布特征及其灾害成因分析

在充分梳理相关资料的基础上,分连续多年冻土区、不连续多年冻土区、岛状多年冻土区3种类型分析了大小兴安岭多年冻土的分布特征;然后从气候、地貌、植被、地质、人为活动5个方面归纳出该区多年冻土的保存条件;最后结合实例对大小兴安岭多年冻土灾害的表现形式、形成原因以及防治对策进行了阐释和论述。     

Grove Mountains meteorite recovery and relevant data distribution service

Meteorites are extremely valuable in providing clues about the origin, evolution, and composition of the Sun, the Moon, the Earth, other planets, and asteroids. Since the first discovery of a meteorite in Antarctica, more and more meteorite concentrations on bare ice stranding sites were discovered. Antarctica is identified as a prolific source of extraterrestrial materials. The Grove Mountains area, covered by ice, snow, and nunataks, is located in the Antarctic inland area. It is about 380 km away from the Chinese Zhongshan Antarctic Research Station in East Antarctica. Since 1998, 11,452 meteorites have been collected from the Grove Mountains by the Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE). It is confirmed that the Grove Mountains area is a productive search area for meteorites in Antarctica. More and more meteorite recoveries led to the recognition that unique mechanisms relating to meteorite concentrations exist in Antarctica. Besides meteorite field collections, the extraction of blue ice based on satellite images, meteorite concentration mechanisms, and meteorite data distribution service are discussed in this paper. Wide distribution of blue ice indicates the enrichment of meteorites. Based on the different spectrum characteristics and coherence of snow, blue ice, and bare rocks, blue ice areas are extracted from optical images and coherence maps. According to meteorite field collections and optical images, moraines are also identified as meteorite concentration sites in the Grove Mountains area. The meteorite concentration theories should be further analyzed by taking into account ice-flow dynamics, mountains' blocking effect, katabatic wind and ice ablation, and others. Moreover, in order to strengthen the visualization and network sharing of the valuable meteorite data, desktop software based on ArcObjects and web software based on ArcIMS are developed within this study. The desktop software also enables further analysis of the meteorite concentration mechanisms in the Grove Mountains.     

Bird communities of the Colorado Rocky Mountains along a gradient of exurban development

Most insights about the effects of residential development on wildlife are based on research from urban and suburban areas. Yet exurban development is an increasingly prevalent form of human settlement in many parts of the world. Moreover because such development often occurs near the periphery of protected areas, it may have a disproportionate influence on native species. We examined bird community patterns in the Rocky Mountains of north-central Colorado across a gradient of exurban development to determine how avifauna responded to this form of settlement. Using fixed-radius point counts, we surveyed the occurrence and abundance of breeding birds in 11 developed sites and in 6 nearby undeveloped sites, all occurring in a forested matrix. We sampled ground-level habitat features at each survey point and derived digital land-cover maps from aerial photographs to characterize and quantify road development and building density. We found little evidence that land-cover varied with development intensity, yet bird abundance increased significantly with building density. Patterns of species richness were equivocal due to a highly influential observation. Principal components analysis (PCA) distinguished two axes that explained nearly 50% of the variation in the bird community and were strongly associated with road and building density. Weighted average analysis showed a marked decline in the abundance and richness of species that were insectivorous or nested in snags, suggesting that reductions in dead wood may have influenced the bird community. However, no conclusions could be drawn because dead wood was confounded with building density. Logistic regression of species occurrence and building density indicated that the incidence of some generalist species increased with building density, whereas the incidence of specialists decreased. Overall, our results suggest that development at low densities can favor habitat generalists. Similar patterns have been observed in more urbanized areas. If exurban development persists as a popular form of settlement in the Rocky Mountains, a regional plan for protecting avian habitat and limiting development dispersion will be necessary to maintain native bird communities.     

大兴安岭中南段桦杆子沟岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

文章对桦杆子沟岩体展开了岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学的研究,探讨其成岩年代及其地质意义。桦杆子沟岩体中的岩石类型较为复杂,主要包括中细粒二长花岗岩、晶洞花岗岩、黑云母花岗岩、中细粒花岗岩、斑状花岗岩及含闪长质包体黑云母花岗岩等。而在岩体中见有大量含伟晶岩透镜体花岗岩、淡色花岗岩及晶洞花岗岩等高演化特征,并发现多处锡矿化线索或与锡矿化有关线索,这些证据指示出桦杆子沟岩体具有良好的成锡矿潜力。对中细粒二长花岗岩、晶洞花岗岩、中细粒黑云母花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,其结果依次为(136.6±1.1)Ma、(137.03±0.55)Ma及(137.34±0.61)Ma,与区域上的哈力黑坝岩体、小井子岩体及花加拉嘎岩体等年龄基本一致,均在早白垩世期间形成,说明早白垩世阶段在大兴安岭中南段地区发生一次大规模的岩浆活动。在蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋造山伸展和古太平洋板块俯冲双重作用的伸展环境下,形成了以桦杆子沟岩体为代表的复杂岩体;同时在早白垩世区域上也形成了大量锡、铅锌银矿床,表明在区域上大规模岩浆活动带来大量成矿物质,形成大量矿床。     

新乡南太行地区传统村落空间特征及环境适应性分析 #

以新乡南太行地区传统村落为研究对象,运用田野调查结合无人机航拍、文献查阅等方法,从整体视角对该地区村落空间的构成要素进行剖析,并探讨村落营建中的环境适应性。结果表明：1) 村落选址多位于山麓或谷地; 2) 根据村落位置及街巷形态,可分为之字型、叶脉型、网格型三种类型;3) 适应地形的山地建造方式有三种：层叠式、高台式、错层式;4) 整体村落环境呈现“林 - 宅 - 田 - 水”四素同构的村落垂直景观模式;5) 作为村落空间构成要素的“三生空间”相互关联,满足了人类的生存、安全、宜居需求。     

Dendroclimatic response of Picea jezoensis along an altitudinal gradient in Changbai Mountains

We investigated the effects of climate on Yeddo spruce (Picea jezoensis) radial growth along altitudinal gradients in the subalpine forests of Changbai Mountains using dendroclimatic analyses. Yeddo spruce at its lower and upper distribution limits was more sensitive to the climate. Despite precipitation being generally considered sufficient, we found that precipitation significantly affected Yeddo spruce radial growth. Yeddo spruce at its lower distribution limit was much more affected by precipitation while Yeddo spruce at its upper distribution limit was much more affected by minimum temperature. Yeddo spruce at its medial altitude was affected by sunshine ratio. These results demonstrated that climate affected Yeddo spruce growth differently depending on its altitudinal distributions in the Changbai Mountains. Both temperature and precipitation in the annu-alization period significantly correlated with Yeddo spruce radial growth. However, warmer signals were not reflected in radial growth trend during the past 20 years because annual total precipitation declined during the same period. It appeared that the climate affected tree rings growth by altering soil moisture availability.     

北秦岭金银多金属成矿带天水段成矿地质特征及找矿思路

北秦岭金银多金属成矿带天水段地处秦岭造山带反"S"型转折部位内弧北侧,区内构造岩浆活动频繁,溶浆分异相对彻底,矿质浓度较高,矿石类型显示出以块状硫化物为主的特征。结合李子园金矿的基本地质特征,初步分析认为该区金银多金属矿床成矿严格受区内东西向复式背斜控制,矿脉主要富集于次级褶皱发育的地段及层间剥离断裂构造旁侧,由于区内应力作用方式属以近似水平滑移作用为主的运动形式,诸多矿脉皆显示出延深大、延长小的特点。本文根据北秦岭金银多金属成矿带天水段的成矿地质特征及成矿规律进一步提出了该区今后的找矿思路。     

兼顾鱼类保护与发电需求的秦岭湑水河 观音峡电站段生态修复设计

随着中国生态文明建设的推进,自然保护地内的建 坝河流生态系统修复逐渐受到重视。秦岭作为生物多样性保护 热点地区和中央水塔,其淡水生物多样性保护地位十分重要。 针对秦岭湑水河珍稀洄游鱼类保护的目标,探讨了恢复河流连 通性的多种方案,借助HEC-RAS软件模拟及结果分析,运用 水文学、河流生态学、生态水工学、风景园林学的思路与方 法,探讨通过拆除观音峡水库大坝同时保留一定发电功能的方 法来恢复自然流淌河流、维护珍稀鱼类的生态过程,并且兼顾 发电与社会经济发展的可能性策略。     

东昆仑祁漫塔格地区野马泉铁多金属矿床开发利用评价

野马泉矿床位于东昆仑祁漫塔格地区,为矽卡岩型铁多金属矿床,其查明铁矿床和铜铅锌矿床均达到中型规模,但由于铁矿石中磁性铁占比较低,铜铅锌与铁共生关系相关性差等原因,一直未能开发利用。本次研究选择工作程度较高、资源量相对集中的M9、M10、M13三个矿段,运用3DMine三维建模软件进行矿体建模,将铜、铅、锌分别提高边界品位圈定矿体,对铁矿床开展磁性铁圈矿,采用距离幂次反比法重新估算资源量,并对资源开发的环境因素和技术经济进行评价,建立矿床的资源—环境—经济“三位一体”综合评价方法。评价结果显示,项目全投资税后财务内部收益率10.88%,净现值22816万元,项目确定性(NPV>0)79%。项目财务内部收益率大于期望值(8%),净现值大于0,且抗风险能力较高,说明项目技术经济可行,从而使野马泉矿区查明资源量的开发利用成为可能。