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41.
根据黄河中游多沙粗区暴雨洪水及产流产沙特点,提出了为控制水沙危害,黄河中游治理应分两步走的战略。第一步解决近期水沙控制和耕地问题,主要措施是建设淤地坝和骨干坝。研究表明,在现状坝地,梯田条件下,为满足粮食生产需要,每平方公里需新增坝地3.18ha,且能港口控制水沙的要求。第二步是进行坡面治理,改善生态环境,以达到根治水沙的目的。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地塔中沙漠区高分辨率地震勘探效果 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
塔中沙漠区地表被北东—南西向条带状沙层所覆盖,地形起伏剧烈,松散沙层厚度变化巨大,给地震资料采集、处理、解释带来了很大的困难。通过联合攻关,从地震波激发能量下传和反射波接收的研究入手,实现了全部潜水面以下激发,因地制宜、避高就低埋置检波器优化观测系统;针对该区石炭系和志留系低幅度构造、薄储层圈闭难以落实,奥陶系内幕地震资料反射波能量弱、信噪比低、叠加成像困难等问题,开展了沙丘对地震波吸收衰减分析和补偿技术、地表一致性处理技术、多域迭代静校正技术、精细速度场模型确立和偏移成像等配套技术的研究开发与应用。从而极大地改善了塔中沙漠区地震资料的品质,使中深层的石炭系、志留系、奥陶系对应的地震剖面主频从18~20Hz提高到36~40Hz;形成了塔中沙漠区油气勘探技术系列,精细刻画了塔中Ⅰ号带,锁定了油气勘探目标,推动了台盆区油气勘探再掀新高潮。 相似文献
44.
Yunpeng Wang Zhaoyun Wang Changyi Zhao Hongjun Wang Jinzhong Liu Jialan Lu Dehan Liu 《Journal of Petroleum Geology》2007,30(4):339-356
In this paper we derive kinetic parameters for the generation of gaseous hydrocarbons (C1‐5) and methane (C1) from closed‐system laboratory pyrolysis of selected samples of marine kerogen and oil from the SW Tarim Basin. The activation energy distributions for the generation of both C1‐5 (Ea = 59‐72kcal, A = 1.0×1014 s?1) and C1 (Ea = 61‐78kcal, A = 6.06×1014 s?1) hydrocarbons from the marine oil are narrower than those for the generation of these hydrocarbons from marine kerogen (Ea = 50‐74kcal, A = 1.0×1014 s?1 for C1‐5; and Ea = 48‐72kcal, A=3.9×1013 s?1 for C1, respectively). Using these kinetic parameters, both the yields and timings of C1‐5 and C1 hydrocarbons generated from Cambrian source rocks and from in‐reservoir cracking of oil in Ordovician strata were predicted for selected wells along a north‐south profile in the SW of the basin. Thermodynamic conditions for the cracking of oil and kerogen were modelled within the context of the geological framework. It is suggested that marine kerogen began to crack at temperatures of around 120°C (or 0.8 %Ro) and entered the gas window at 138°C (or 1.05 %Ro); whereas the marine oil began to crack at about 140 °C (or 1.1 %Ro) and entered the gas window at 158 °C (or 1.6%Ro). The main geological controls identified for gas accumulations in the Bachu Arch (Southwest Depression, SW Tarim Basin) include the remaining gas potential following Caledonian uplift; oil trapping and preservation in basal Ordovician strata; the extent of breaching of Ordovician reservoirs; and whether reservoir burial depths are sufficiently deep for oil cracking to have occurred. In the Maigaiti Slope and Southwest Depression, the timing of gas generation was later than that in the Bachu Arch, with much higher yields and generation rates, and hence better prospects for gas exploration. It appears from the gas generation kinetics that the primary source for the gases in the Hetianhe gasfield was the Southwest Depression. 相似文献
45.
Floods cause environmental hazards and influence on socio‐economic activities. In this study, we evaluated the historic flood frequency at a confluence in the middle Yellow River, China. A non‐parametric, multivariate, empirical, orthogonal function matrix model, which consists of time correlation coefficients of flood discharge at different gauge stations and flood events was used for the analysis of flood frequency. The model addresses the characteristics of confluent floods such as frequency and the probability in multiple tributary rivers. Flood frequency analysis is often coupled with studies of hydrological routing processes that reduce the flood capacity of the rivers. Flood routing to the confluence were simulated using kinematic wave theory. Results of this flood frequency analysis showed that flooding frequency has intensified in the past 500 years, especially during the 19th century. Flooding in streams above the confluence was more frequent than in streams below the confluence. Over the last 2000 years, concurrent flooding in multiple tributary rivers accounted for 67.5% of the total flooding in the middle Yellow River. Simulation of flood routing processes shows that the decreased flooding capacity and elevated river bed of the shrunken main channel leads to an increased flood wave propagation time (24–52.3 h) in the study area after 1995. The model indicates that human activities, such as constructions of the Sanmenxia Dam, have changed flood routing boundary conditions and have contributed to the increased flood frequency at the confluence. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
46.
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介绍了长江江新洲堤段应用软体排护岸新型技术的情况,结合长江江新洲护岸工程对软体排施工、工艺、设备作简要叙述。 相似文献
48.
在天然河道中,河势演变虽具有一定的随机性,但仍有一定的规律可循,在一个河段内,一般可归纳出2-3条基本流路,为控制河势变化,需要选择出一条基本流路进行河道整治,当连续发生枯水期或洪水期时,部分河段的河势可能出现大的变化,为防止不利河势向下游传播,可修建较长的龙头弯道工程,利用龙头弯道工程分段调整,控导河势,保持河势稳定。 相似文献
49.
80年代黄河中游来沙量减少,主要原因是降雨量减少和降雨强度减小,流域综合治理也起到了减沙作用。据分析,降雨因素减沙约占总减沙量的70%,流域综合治理减沙约占30%。 相似文献
50.