塔里木河下游河道疏浚工程输水线路选择

针对塔里木河下游河道断流和生态环境恶化问题,为保护下游绿色走廊,对塔里木河下游大西海子水库下游河道疏浚工程,通过投资、占地、施工、管理、防洪等综合比较,在可供选择的3种输水方案中,建议选择在大西海子水库主坝上新建1座放水闸方案.分析结果表明,实施塔里木河下游河道疏浚工程具有良好的生态效益和社会效益.     

Occurrence of β-casein fragments in cold-stored and curdled river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L.) milk

The safeguard of river buffalo Mozzarella cheese, a Protected Designation of Origin dairy product, has prompted an analytical study to trace the milk and curd used as raw material in cheesemaking. This is to prevent the illegal use of milk or curd from different geographical areas outside of those indicated in the official production protocol. For this purpose, we studied primary proteolysis occurring in fresh and frozen milk and curd to identify a molecular marker that could indicate the raw material used. Whole casein from frozen river buffalo milk was separated using cation-exchange chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE, and a protein component with an estimated molecular weight of 15.3 kDa was detected. This protein component was revealed in fresh river buffalo milk as a faint electrophoresis band, which drastically increased in intensity in refrigerated and frozen milk as well as in curd and was found to be associated with β-CN through hydrophobic interaction. By using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight peptide mass mapping, this component was identified as the C-terminal fragment f(69-209) of β-CN (expected molecular weight of 15,748.8 Da). β-Casein f(69-209), originating from the early hydrolysis of Lys₆₈-Ser₆₉ by plasmin, has no counterpart in bovine milk. The increased rate of hydrolysis by plasmin toward the cleavage site Lys₆₈-Ser₆₉ has to be ascribed to the elevated proline content of the peptide 61-73. The favored production of β-CN f(69-209) has also drawn attention to the complementary proteose peptone β-CN f(1-68) that is presumed to play a physiological role in inducing milk secretion similar to that of β-CN f(1-29). The higher in vivo and in vitro production rate, compared with γ₁-CN formation, indicates that β-CN f(69-209) and its complementary fragment are candidate molecular markers to evaluate milk and curd freshness. We used indirect ELISA analysis based on the determination of remaining nonhydrolyzed β-CN to perform a quantitative evaluation of proteolysis.     

黄河悬河稳定性评价专家系统的研制

从区域稳定性研究入手，以地壳、堤坝与地基三系统控制论为理论基础，系统总结了悬河研究领域中的最新成果和结论。提出了工程治理与环境治理，环境治理与经济发展，地质工程治理与水利工程治理相结合的治理策略，并用先进的人工智能技术，研制出黄河悬河稳定性评价专家系统，为黄河下游悬河分析、评价与处理以及进一步研究提供有效手段     

暗河发育区岩溶隧道突涌水洪峰流量估计

地下暗河是岩溶隧道建设与运营重大的安全风险,暗河发育区岩溶隧道突涌水洪峰估计是岩溶隧道施工抢险与后期处治方案制定的重要基础数据。地下暗河洪峰流量不仅由岩溶区水文地质条件控制,而且还受到暴雨期地表径流补给的影响。本文结合实测数据和统计数据,围绕小流域暴雨资料推求出地表汇流洪峰和地下暗河汇泄流洪峰,提出了一种考虑地表径流补给的暗河发育区岩溶隧道突涌水洪峰估计方法,并结合翠屏隧道的地形地貌、水文地质与实测涌水资料,开展了案例分析计算并比较实测涌水量。表明传统涌水预测方法无法考虑暗河与地表水补给的影响,与实测结果差距很大,本方法能够较好预测岩溶区因地表汇水补给暗河发育区隧道突涌水洪峰,为隧道防洪护堤高度、涵管过水容量设计、洪峰避险时间提供重要支撑,保障隧道施工与运营安全。     

某洪渡槽裂缝原因浅析及处理措施

通过对某排洪渡槽工程主梁裂缝情况的资料进行搜集整理,分析了裂缝产生的诱因及其对渡槽使用产生的危害,并提出了相应的裂缝补救及预防措施,从而为渡槽工程中裂缝的防治积累了经验。     

适用于河流治理的地面廊道污水处理系统的设计

地面廊道污水处理系统类似于人工湿地技术，其优点在于该系统应用于污染河流的治理时，对河流地形适应性非常强；另外系统四周不透水的墙体结构使整个廊道起着氧化塘的作用，并且沿坡降由好氧塘逐渐过渡到厌氧塘。本文重点介绍该处理系统的设计，主要包括廊道的选址．水生植物的选择．廊道最佳长度及运行参数的确定。     

AUTOMATIC DELINEATION OF FUNCTIONAL RIVER REACH BOUNDARIES FOR RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS

The river reach is a pervasive term within contemporary river research and applications. Yet, despite its prevalence, there is a notable lack of consistency in its definition. This paper identifies the presence of two broad types of reach definition within the academic literature, operational and functional, and argues that a functional definition is more suitable for applications within river research and management. A range of sequence zonation algorithms that were originally derived for geological well‐log analysis were compared for their ability to automatically identify functional reach boundaries. An analysis of variance‐based global boundary hunting algorithm was identified as the most suitable. To demonstrate the potential practical applications of automatic reach delineation methods, two case studies where functional reach boundaries have been identified were described: first, in a sequence of predicted sediment transport capacities for use in a reach‐based sediment transport model; and second, in a sequence of RHS Habitat Quality Assessment scores for identification of lengths of channel in need of habitat restoration efforts. Finally, the paper discusses how this type of functional reach identification procedure might be applied in other areas of river research and applications and how a multivariate version of a statistical zonation algorithm might prove useful in facilitating integrated catchment management by identifying reach boundaries common across all variables of interest in the system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

松花江流域水利建设成就与展望

松花江是我国七大江河之一， 流经内蒙古、黑龙江、吉林和辽宁省， 流域面积５５６８ 万ｋｍ ２， 文中从流域规划、防洪体系建设、水土流失治理、生态环境保护、农田水利建设和城市水利建设等诸方面介绍了建国５０ 年来的重要成就和主要经验， 并对存在的问题进行了讨论， 提出了嫩江干流控制性枢纽工程的建设将成为下世纪初松花江流域水利建设的重点。     

涉及生态环境需水的水资源合理配置

对涉及生态环境需水的水资源合理配置问题进行了探讨，提出了面向生态的水资源合理配置问题、基于降水资源的合理配置问题、针对不同地区不同条件的配置方法问题及河流水资源配置的40％原则，并对相关问题进行了进一步的探讨，有助于对水资源合理配置理论的进一步认识。