低成本的UTRV三维可视化仿真测试系统设计

相对于常规飞行器,倾转旋翼飞行器原本就对飞控系统有着更高的要求,而其无人化后的产品UTRV(无人倾转旋翼飞行器)对此的需要还要更上一层楼.为了满足开发UTRV飞控系统的需要,有必要开发更加方便的飞控系统仿真测试环境.使用现有货架商品构建了一套UTRV三维可视化仿真测试系统.系统内含可调整的UTRV全飞行包线非线性气动模型,用于提供控制律开发和动态仿真;系统可以方便的替换飞控模块程序进行仿真实验,以此验证控制律;同时,仿真实验全程数据以直观的实时三维视觉仿真方式显示,有利于发现飞控系统缺陷.使用货架商品还大大降低了成本,非常适合中小研究所和大学使用.     

A backstepping controller for path‐tracking of an underactuated autonomous airship

In this paper we propose a nonlinear control approach for the path‐tracking of an autonomous underactuated airship. A backstepping controller is designed from the airship nonlinear dynamic model including wind disturbances, and further enhanced to consider actuators saturation. Control implementation issues related to airship underactuation are also addressed, namely control allocation and an attitude reference shaping to obtain a faster error correction with smoother input requests. The results obtained demonstrate the capacity of an underactuated unmanned airship to execute a realistic mission including vertical take‐off and landing, stabilization and path‐tracking, in the presence of wind disturbances, with a single robust control law. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Feedback linearization vs. adaptive sliding mode control for a quadrotor helicopter

This paper presents two types of nonlinear controllers for an autonomous quadrotor helicopter. One type, a feedback linearization controller involves high-order derivative terms and turns out to be quite sensitive to sensor noise as well as modeling uncertainty. The second type involves a new approach to an adaptive sliding mode controller using input augmentation in order to account for the underactuated property of the helicopter, sensor noise, and uncertainty without using control inputs of large magnitude. The sliding mode controller performs very well under noisy conditions, and adaptation can effectively estimate uncertainty such as ground effects. Recommended by Editorial Board member Hyo-Choong Bang under the direction of Editor Hyun Seok Yang. This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant (MOEHRD) KRF-2005-204-D00002, the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation(KOSEF) grant funded by the Korea government(MOST) R0A-2007-000-10017-0 and Engineering Research Institute at Seoul National University. Daewon Lee received the B.S. degree in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul, Korea, in 2005, where he is currently working toward a Ph.D. degree in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering. He has been a member of the UAV research team at SNU since 2005. His research interests include applications of nonlinear control and vision-based control of UAV. H. Jin Kim received the B.S. degree from Korea Advanced Institute of Technology (KAIST) in 1995, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from University of California, Berkeley in 1999 and 2001, respectively. From 2002–2004, she was a Postdoctoral Researcher and Lecturer in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley). From 2004–2009, she was an Assistant Professor in the School of in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul, Korea, where she is currently an Associate Professor. Her research interests include applications of nonlinear control theory and artificial intelligence for robotics, motion planning algorithms. Shankar Sastry received the B.Tech. degree from the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, in 1977, and the M.S. degree in EECS, the M.A. degree in mathematics, and the Ph.D. degree in EECS from UC Berkeley, in 1979, 1980, and 1981, respectively. He is currently Dean of the College of Engineering at UC Berkeley. He was formerly the Director of the Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society (CITRIS). He served as Chair of the EECS Department from January, 2001 through June 2004. In 2000, he served as Director of the Information Technology Office at DARPA. From 1996 to 1999, he was the Director of the Electronics Research Laboratory at Berkeley (an organized research unit on the Berkeley campus conducting research in computer sciences and all aspects of electrical engineering). He is the NEC Distinguished Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences and holds faculty appointments in the Departments of Bioengineering, EECS and Mechanical Engineering. Prior to joining the EECS faculty in 1983 he was a Professor with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and Fellow of the IEEE.     

无人机遥感影像获取及后续处理探讨

作为卫星遥感和航空遥感的有益补充,无人机航空遥感系统获取遥感影像具有多种特性。通过4次无人机航拍试验,根据所获取的遥感影像和飞行辅助数据,对航拍数据进行拼接。从航拍的多个方面对飞行试验以及实验成果进行了质量评价。并提出了无人机应用于航拍时存在的问题及一些改进方法。     

基于无人机的空地信道特性测量系统

随着各种飞行器和通信一体化的发展,对空地信道特性的研究变得愈发重要且迫切。针对空地通信场景,本文研制了一套由无人机发射单元和地面接收单元组成的无人机空地信道测量系统。该系统选取具有平坦功率谱特性和大动态范围的ZC序列作为测量序列,利用硬件实现实时提取信道冲激响应(Channel Impulse Response, CIR),并通过采样偏差恢复、系统响应校正等方式,提高信道测量系统的准确性。实测验证结果表明,本文研制的信道测量系统与信道模拟器模拟结果和射线跟踪(Ray Tracing, RT)仿真结果基本一致。最后,开展了校园场景空地实测活动,分析了该场景路径损耗(Path Loss, PL)、莱斯K因子、均方根时延扩展(Root Mean Square-Delay Spread, RMS-DS)等信道特性。     

基于改进YOLOv5的输电线路鸟巢检测方法研究

输电线路上的鸟巢会对电力设备的安全运行构成威胁,甚至影响整个电力系统的稳定性。针对复杂场景下输电线路鸟巢检测方法适用性较差的问题,提出一种基于改进YOLOv5的输电线路鸟巢检测方法。该方法结合通道注意机制和空间注意机制设计特征平衡网络,以通道权值和空间权值作为引导,实现检测网络不同层次特征之间语义信息和空间信息的平衡。同时,为了避免因网络层数增加导致特征信息不断被弱化的问题,设计特征增强模块以捕获与鸟巢相关的通道关系和位置信息。最后,利用输电线路无人机巡检图像建立鸟巢数据集进行训练和测试。实验结果表明,所提出的输电线路鸟巢检测方法具有较强的泛化能力和适用性,同时也为电力图像缺陷检测提供技术参考。     

UAV imagery based potential safety hazard evaluation for high-speed railroad using Real-time instance segmentation

Potential safety hazards (PSHs) along the track needs to be inspected and evaluated regularly to ensure a safe environment for high-speed railroad operations. Other than track inspection, evaluating potential safety hazards in the nearby areas often requires inspectors to patrol along the track and visually identify potential threads to the train operation. The current visual inspection approach is very time-consuming and may raise safety concerns for the inspectors, especially in remote areas. Using the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has great potential to complement the visual inspection by providing a better view from the top and ease the safety concerns in many cases. This study develops an automatic PSH detection framework named YOLARC (You Only Look at Railroad Coefficients) using UAV imagery for high-speed railroad monitoring. First, YOLARC is equipped with a new backbone having multiple available receptive fields to strengthen the multi-scale representation capability at a granular level and enrich the semantic information in the feature space. Then, the system integrates the abundant semantic features at different high-level layers by a light weighted feature pyramid network (FPN) with multi-scale pyramidal architecture and a Protonet with residual structure to precisely predict the track areas and PSHs. A hazard level evaluation (HLE) method, which calculates the distance between identified PSH and the track, is also developed and integrated for quantifying the hazard level. Experiments conducted on the UAV imagery of high-speed railroad dataset show the proposed system can quickly and effectively turn UAV images into useful information with a high detection rate and processing speed.     

无人机集群的微分平坦性与编队控制研究

本文研究了无人机集群的微分平坦性,给出了相对运动的微分平坦映射,并以此为基础设计了分布式编队控制器.运动规划方面,通过求解受约束的优化问题,实时生成期望编队轨迹和编队构型.运动控制方面,采用微分平坦映射将运动指令映射为每架无人机的期望状态和控制输入,而后利用局部误差反馈设计分布式编队控制器跟踪期望运动轨迹.针对群体运动的稳定性问题,本文运用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明了闭环系统的稳定性,给出了控制参数的选取条件.最后仿真验证了编队控制方法在未知环境下的运动控制效果.     

改进PSO算法及在无人机路径规划中的应用

在无人机路径规划问题中,传统算法存在计算复杂与收敛慢等缺点,粒子群优化算法(PSO)得益于其算法原理简单、通用性强、搜索全面等特性,现多用于无人机航路规划.然而,常规PSO算法容易陷入局部最优,本文在优化调整自适应参数的基础上综合引入全局极值变异与加速度项,以平衡全局和局部搜索效率,避免种群陷入“早熟”.对基准测试函数进行测试的结果表明,本文所提改进PSO算法收敛速度更快,精度更高.在实例验证部分,首先提取飞行场景特征,结合无人机性能约束,进行环境建模;然后将多项运行约束和期望的最小化飞行时间均转化为罚函数,以最小化罚函数作为目标,构建无人机飞行任务场景下的航路规划模型,并利用本文所提改进粒子群算法进行求解,最后通过对比仿真验证了改进粒子群算法的高效性和实用性.     

自适应斥力系数的无人机路径规划

使用人工势场法进行无人机路径规划时,往往存在目标不可达、运动轨迹迂回反复和路径长度过长等问题.传统的人工势场法不能根据环境具体信息对斥力系数进行调整,而现有的改进方法不能在自适应调整斥力系数的同时兼顾规划效果和规划时长.针对以上问题,提出了一种基于深度学习的无人机自适应斥力系数路径规划方法.首先通过融合遗传算法与人工势场法找出在特定环境下最合适的斥力系数样本集,其次利用该样本集训练残差神经网络,最后通过残差神经网络计算适应环境的斥力系数,进而使用人工势场法进行路径规划.仿真实验表明,该方法在一定程度上解决了人工势场法规划中目标不可达、运动轨迹迂回反复和路径长度过长等问题,规划效果和规划时长方面均有优异表现,能很好地满足无人机路径规划中对当前环境的自适应要求和快速规划的要求.