Modified Indigo Method For Gaseous And Aqueous Ozone Analyses

The indigo method developed by Bader and Hoigné for aqueous ozone analysis was modified to allow for both gaseous and aqueous ozone determination. Gas or water samples were extracted with a gas-tight syringe containing a known volume of indigo reagent. The modified procedure provided a more consistent basis for gaseous and aqueous ozone determination allowing for more accurate ozone mass balance calculations. Direct gaseous ozone UV absorbance with molar absorptivity of 3,000 M^?1cm^?1 at 258 nm was used as primary standard to determine the molar absorptivity of the indigo reagent. The molar absorptivity of indigo reagent, assuming a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio for the reaction between indigo and ozone, was determined to be 23,150 ± 80 M^?1cm^?1, or approximately 16 percent higher than that of 20,000 M^?1cm^?1 suggested by Bader and Hoigné. An independently calibrated membrane-electrode ozone monitor showed good correlation with indigo method results using the molar absorptivity value determined in this study. The apparent molar absorptivity of aqueous ozone at the wavelength of 258 nm measured by the modified indigo method increased from 2,400 to 3,600 M^?1cm^?1 in the investigated ozone concentration range of 0.4 to 11.0 mg/L. This variation might have been caused by the inherent interference of unidentified ozone byproducts, which presence was supported with scanning spectra in the wavelength range of 200 to 300 nm.     

Synthesis and kinetic studies of UV‐curable urethane‐acrylates

The UV‐curable urethane‐acrylates based on 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)‐terminated polyurethane (PU) for lithographic and coating applications are investigated in this study. Series of PU prepolymers were made from 4,4‐diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI), poly(propylene oxide) glycol (PPG 400), poly(butylene adipate)glycol (PBA 500), or poly(tetramethylene oxide) glycol (PTMO 1000) and are terminated with HEMA. The 2,2‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was used as a UV‐initiator under air atmosphere. The curing kinetics of HEMA‐terminated PU film were studied. The curing analysis, using FTIR and reaction kinetics, indicate the reaction rate equation correlates well with the film thickness [T], initiator concentration [I], unreacted double bond concentration [C?C], and exposed energy [E] of the reaction system. The kinetic rate equation for the UV‐curable reaction can be written as © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 3162–3166, 2004     

Effect of catalyst type on the kinetics of the photoelectrochemical disinfection of water inoculated with E. coli

The rates of the photoelectrochemical disinfection of Escherichia coli at TiO₂ electrodes were measured as a function of concentration and applied potential. Two different TiO₂ photoelectrodes were used: a thermally treated titanium plate and a porous film prepared by a sol–gel hydrolysis technique. The kinetics of the disinfection process were found to depend upon the nature of the electrode material. For the thermal film they were first order, and half order for the sol–gel film. It was also found that the catalytic activity per unit surface area of catalyst is many orders of magnitude greater than that observed using TiO₂ slurries; this was attributed to the reduced rate of electron-hole recombination afforded by the application of a small potential bias (1 V vs Ag/AgCl), and hence the exploitation of the electric field enhancement (EFE) effect.     

水性UV图案化功能涂膜技术研究

研究了一种新型水性UV涂料制备技术,可得到用传统方法无法获得的图案化涂膜。利用扫描电镜、DSC、凝胶渗透色谱等对该图案化聚合物进行分析表征;考察了不同功能添加剂对涂膜形貌的影响;并讨论了光照时间、光引发剂用量与聚合物相对分子质量间的关系。     

—Review Paper—Current State-Of-The-Art Measurements Of Ozone In The Gas Phase And In Solution

This paper is a critical review and summary of the analytical procedures currently used by operating water utilities to control ozone treatment processes, considering disinfection as well as the many oxidative applications of ozone in water treatment applications. The role of common interferences in the various methods is described.

In operating U S., Canadian, European, and Japanese water treatment plants currently employing ozone as a primary disinfectant, ozone nearly always is followed by the addition of small quantities of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, or chloramine to provide the residual in the distribution system and to act as a secondary disinfectant. Clearly, the analytical procedures used must distinguish between the various species. This review critically presents these various factors and their implication with respect to “true values” of ozone determined under widely varying conditions.     

Ozone-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Decomposition of N-Methyl-2-Pyrolidone in Aqueous Medium

The present study investigates the decomposition of N-Methyl-2-Pyrolidone (NMP) using conventional ozonation (O₃), ozonation in the presence of UV light (UV/O₃), hydrogen peroxide (O₃/H₂O₂), and UV/H₂O₂ processes under various experimental conditions. The influence of solution pH, ozone gas flow dosage, and H₂O₂ dosage on the degradation of NMP was studied. All ozone-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were efficient in alkaline medium, whereas the UV/H₂O₂ process was efficient in acidic medium. Increasing ozone gas flow dosage would accelerate the degradation of NMP up to certain level beyond which no positive effect was observed in ozonation as well as UV light enhanced ozonation processes. Hydrogen peroxide dosage strongly influenced the degradation of NMP and a hydrogen peroxide dosage of 0.75 g/L and 0.5 g/L was found to be the optimum dosage in UV/H₂O₂ and O₃/H₂O₂ processes, respectively. The UV/O₃ process was most efficient in TOC removal. Overall it can be concluded that ozonation and ozone-based AOPs are promising processes for an efficient removal of NMP in wastewater.     

积层多层板用UV油墨的合成研究

采用丙烯酸改性环氧树脂E－44的方法，合成了环氧丙烯酸酯预聚物，并将其用在UV光固化油墨的配方中。在树脂合成过程中，研究了反应温度，催化剂，阻聚剂等因素对合 产品的影响。通过L9(3^4)正交试验，得到了优化的工艺参数：反应温度为90℃，催化剂为N，N－二甲苯胺，用量1％；阻聚剂对苯二酚，用量0．5％，投料环氧树脂和丙烯酸的摩尔比为1：1．08。     

The Chemistry of Water Treatment Processes Involving Ozone,Hydrogen Peroxide and Ultraviolet Radiation

Advanced oxidation processes are defined as those which involve the generation of hydroxyl radicals in sufficient quantity to affect water purification. The theoretical and (practical yield of OH from O₃ at high pH, 0₃/H₂0₂, O₃/UV and H₂O₂/UV systems is reviewed. New data is presented which illustrates the importance of direct photolysis in the O₃/UV process, the effect of the H₂0₂:0₃ ratio in the O₃/H₂O₂ process, and the impact of the low extinction coefficient of H₂O₂ in the H₂0₂/UV process.     

Photostabilization of cationic UV-cured coatings in the presence of nanoTiO2

The effect of TiO₂ nanoparticles for sun-weathering protection of UV-cured coatings is investigated. TiO₂ is either introduced in the form of nanoparticles in the photocurable formulations or generated in situ via sol–gel process. Cured films containing comparable amounts of TiO₂ were weathered for 800 h under UV irradiation and compared with free-TiO₂ coating. The TiO₂ presence induces a clear lower mass loss decrease during weathering as well as a lower gel content decrease. The TiO₂ screen effect is also confirmed by a lower alkyl-band reduction monitored by FT-IR during weathering. The TiO₂ generated in situ via sol–gel gives rise to transparent coatings without interfering with photopolymerization process and therefore without compromising UV-cured film properties.     

185nmUV降解水中4-CP、4-NP和RhB的研究

本文以对氯苯酚（4-cP）、对硝基苯酚（4-NP）和罗丹明B（RhB）为模型有机物（以4-CP和4-NP为小分子模型有机物，以RhB为大分子模型有机物），分别研究了185nmUV对水中这3种模型有机物的降解规律、性能和效果．研究结果表明，185nmUV直接对水中4-CP、4-NP和RhB有很好的降解效果．研究内容包括：185nmUV降解模型有机物的浓度、TOC（Totalorganic carbon）浓度、185nmUV降解模型有机物过程中溶液pH及电导率变化、以及降解模型有机物过程中产生的无机离子等几个方面．