转炉顶吹过程渣-金-气三相作用特性

基于VOF界面追踪技术,建立了氧气转炉顶吹过程渣-金-气多相传输行为的数学模型,研究了渣-金-气三相界面行为,给出了渣/金界面特征的演化过程和熔池内流场变化特征,对冲击坑形态进行了具体的描述,并对穿透深度和冲击坑直径进行了定量化的表征。结果表明:由于冲击坑表面波的传播,冲击坑以及渣/金/气界面具有明显的瞬态特征且熔池是振荡的;钢液熔池内涡旋中心位置随着吹炼时间以及渣的运动而变化;低枪位加强了钢液表面的波动,增加了钢液表面的粗糙度,增大了射流与熔池的接触面积,从而有利于射流向熔池的动量传递,促进熔池的搅拌。     

基于VOF模型的长输管道水压试验中排空问题的数值仿真分析

长输管道进行水压试验中,排空方式是否合理将严重影响工作效率及试压成本。针对此问题采用VOF模型（Volume of Fluid Model）对管道排气过程进行了数值仿真,并以工程为实例,采取9种排空方式进行计算比较分析。结果表明：管道入口设计成多个均匀分布的入口,以及邻近入口处加1个漏板均可改善排空情况、提高工作效率、降低试压成本。     

Numerical study of stratified oil-water two-phase turbulent flow in a horizontal tube

Stratified oil-water two-phase turbulent flow in a horizontal tube is numerically simulated using a volume of fluid model. A single momentum equation is solved throughout the domain. The RNG k-ε model combined with a near-wall low-Re turbulence model is applied to each phase, and a continuum surface force approximation is adopted for the calculation of surface tension. The simulation is performed in a time-dependent way and the final solution which corresponds to steady-state flow is analyzed. Results of pressure loss, slip ratio, local phase fraction profile and the axial velocity profile are verified by experimental data in literature. Based on the numerical results of extensive calculations, the flow field characteristics are explored and correlations for pressure loss and hold-up are presented.     

基于Fluent的泽尼斯塔混合油滴上升过程模拟

采用泽尼斯法对混合油进行脱酸,可以精炼高酸价油、降低中性油皂化机率、减少皂脚夹油、降低生产成本等。在混合油泽尼斯法脱酸最佳工艺条件下利用Fluent软件,并采用VOF模型对泽尼斯塔内部混合油流动进行CFD数值模拟,得到泽尼斯塔内部流场的混合油相分布、速度矢量分布、绝对速度分布和动压力分布。通过分析模拟结果,可以得到将混合油通过单孔泵入泽尼斯塔时油滴的动力学特性,为泽尼斯塔的优化和油滴分布器的设计提供了新的研究方法和必要的理论依据。另外,通过建立模型进行数值模拟,得到了准确可靠的液—液两相流数据分布。     

Experiments and numerical simulations on transport of dissolved pollutants around spur dike

The flow field around a spur dike has three-dimensional characteristics.In order to analyze the influence of the flow field on pollutant transport,based on a compressive volume of fluid(VOF)scheme,the three-dimensional transient compressive pollutant transport model(CPTM)and the cubic equation(CE)bounded differencing scheme were developed.For the calibration and validation of CPTM,laboratory experiments were carried out in a flume with a non-submerged spur dike.The spur dike was angled at 60°,90°,and 120° from the upstream direction.The simulation results agreed with the experimental results.The simulations and experiments showed that the distribution of pollutant concentration was determined by circumfluence and the main flow.Concentration decay in the circumfluence zone was slower than that in the main flow.Downstream of the spur dike,the concentration fluctuation became intensive with the increase of spur dike angle.     

3D CFD validation of invert trap efficiency for sewer solid management using VOF model

Earlier investigators have numerically carried out performance analysis of the invert trap fitted in an open channel using the stochastic discrete phase model(DPM) by assuming the open channel flow to be closed conduit flow under pressure and assuming zero shear stress at the top wall.This is known as the fixed lid model.By assuming the top wall to be a shear free wall,they have been able to show that the velocity distribution looks similar to that of an open channel flow with zero velocity at the bottom and maximum velocity at the top,representing the free water surface,but no information has been provided for the pressure at the free water surface.Because of this assumption,the validation of the model in predicting the trap efficiency has performed significantly poorly.In addition,the free water surface subject to zero gauge pressure cannot be modeled using the fixed lid model because there is no provision of extra space in the form of air space for the fluctuating part of the water surface profile.It can.however,be modeled using the volume of fluid(VOF) model because the VOF model is the appropriate model for open channel or free surface flow.Therefore,in the present study,three-dimensional(3D) computational fluid dynamics(CFD) modeling with the VOF model,which considers open channel flow with a free water surface,along with the stochastic DPM.was used to model the trap efficiency of an invert trap fitted in an open rectangular channel.The governing mathematical flow equations of the VOF model were solved using the ANSYS Fluent 14.0 software,reproducing the experimental conditions exactly.The results show that the 3D CFD predictions using the VOF model closely fit the experimental data for glass bead particles.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SLOSHING IN RECTANGULAR TANK WITH VOF BASED ON UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS

A new method for sloshing simulation in a sway tank is present, in which the two phase interface is treated as a physical discontinuity, which can be captured by a well-designed high order scheme. Based on Normalized Variable Diagram (NVD), a high order discretization scheme with unstructured grids is realized, together with a numerical method for free surface flow with a fixed grid. This method is implemented in an in-house code General Transport Equation Analyzer (GTEA) which is an unstructured grids finite volume solver. The present method is first validated by available analytical solutions. A simulation for a 2-D rectangular tank at different excitation frequencies of the sway is carried out. A comparison with experimental data in literature and results obtained by commercial software CFX shows that the sloshing load on the monitor points agrees well with the experimental data, with the same grids, and the present method gives better results on the secondary peak. It is shown that the present method can simulate the free surface overturning and breakup phenomena.     

苏州河河口水闸垂直二维流动精细数值模拟

应用FLUENT对苏州河河口水闸的溢顶流动过程进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明,对正向挡水工况,闸门门顶较高时,过流流量较小,对下游床面冲击作用弱。当苏州河外侧水位为低水位时,形成的回流区中心较低,形成较大的床面流速,对底面护坦的冲击较强。与正向挡内河水工况相比。反向挡潮时,溢顶水流对内河侧河床的冲刷较弱。当内河侧水位降低时,溢流对床面的冲刷作用增强。正向挡水工况时,作用在水闸上的力矩为正值(顺时针方向),反向挡潮时,作用在水闸上的力矩为负值(逆时针方向)。     

Dynamics simulation of bottom high-sediment sea water movement under waves

The movement of bottom high-sediment sea water under water waves, especially that of the high-sediment water layer close to the sea bottom, is important to the resuspension and settlement of sediment. Supposing that the high-sediment sea water is a Newtonian fluid, based on Navier-Stokes (N-S) theory, the movement of the interfaces of air-water and water-sediment water was tracked by the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The velocity field of sediment water was simulated by considering the effect of water waves. The results show that the movement of sediment water is very different from that of sea water, which provides a solid basis for understanding the resuspension and settlement of sediment and the formation of bottom stripe, and the VOF method can trace the movement of the two interfaces simultaneously; the movement of the air-water interface has a strong effect on that of the water-sediment water interface, while the effect of the water-sediment water interface movement on the air-water interface is not obvious. __________ Translated from Journal of Tianjin University, 2008, 41(2): 285-290 [译自: 天津大学学报]     

抽水蓄能电站同发同抽水力特性VOF数值模拟

为了有效缓解电网突然出现的电力不平衡现象,同一个抽水蓄能电站不同水力单元机组同时分别发电及抽水运行,是对抽水蓄能运行及调度方式的一个重大创新措施。以某抽水蓄能电站上库为例,通过数学模型研究上库进/出水口在同发同抽工况下的库区水流流态、流道的水力特性、库区漩涡特性等水力参数的变化规律。结果表明,VOF方法可很好地模拟抽水蓄能同发同抽过程;同发同抽工况下,库区内进出水口附近局部水流流态与单向运行工况基本一致,但是两进/出水口之间形成连通的水流通道,库区内形成大范围横向流动,致使抽水单元大部分水流再次进入发电单元。