Passage of a bubble through the interface between a shear-thinning heavier liquid and a Newtonian lighter liquid

Abstract

Numerical simulations are carried out to study the phenomenon of passage of a bubble through the interface between two initially quiescent liquids. The heavier liquid is a viscous shear-thinning liquid whereas the lighter liquid is a viscous Newtonian liquid. The computational model, which is based on axisymmetric computational domain and VOF (volume of fluid) method, is validated by using the data reported in literature. The validated computational model is then used to perform parametric analysis to understand the effects of bubble diameter, interfacial tension between the two liquids and flow index of the heavier liquid on the drainage time, drainage height, retention time and retention height of the bubble at the liquid–liquid interface. Finally, correlations for retention time and retention height are proposed.     

基于VOF法的液舱晃荡数值模拟及载荷计算

建立了液舱晃荡的有限元模型,运用CFD计算软件Fluent 6.3模拟了单激励和耦合激励下不同舱室结构以及不同幅度的液舱晃荡,并计算监测点压力,得到了晃荡在激励下的变化规律。对仿真结果进行讨论分析。     

一种中空离心式喷嘴流场特性的研究

利用VOF(volume of fluid)方法和realizable湍流模型对中空离心式喷嘴的气液两相流动进行了数值模拟,并将模拟结果与实验数据进行了对比,两者结果吻合良好。模拟结果表明:旋流室内压力随半径的减小而减小;在中心1/3半径范围内存在低压区,其存在将会引起喷口外部空气抽吸,形成空气心,空气心半径越大,液膜越薄,在大于1/3半径区域内有较高的动压,将引起液膜在该区域扩展喷淋。喷嘴出口处液相体积分数为1,离喷口距离越远,液相体积分数越小;出口速度随入口压力的增大而增大,出口速度的方向以及喷嘴内流体迹线图表明了液体是旋转流出喷嘴的。     

掺混燃油在离心喷嘴内的流动与雾化特性研究

燃料性质的改变会导致雾化特性的变化,针对乙醇掺混航空煤油在离心式压力雾化喷嘴内的流动与雾化特性开展了研究。通过耦合流体体积法(VOF)和离散相模型(DPM),研究了不同乙醇掺混体积分数下掺混燃油在离心式喷嘴中的内部流动和外部雾化过程。研究结果表明：在压差不变时,喷嘴内空气芯直径随着掺混燃油内乙醇体积分数的增加而增大;而液膜厚度则与空气芯直径成反比,随着乙醇体积分数的增加而减小。喷嘴出口的速度随着乙醇体积分数的增加而增大;在油膜表面的波动及气动力的共同作用下,油膜失稳形成液滴,获得了不同比例下掺混燃油在喷雾外流场内的喷雾粒径分布特征,随着掺混乙醇体积分数的增加,液滴的平均直径逐渐减小。     

牛顿型黏性物料转盘离心雾化成粒特性

针对转盘离心雾化器,研究松香—石蜡混合物的成粒特性,分析工艺参数对纤维数量、纤维直径、界面波波长和颗粒粒径的作用机理,建立无量纲预测模型。结果表明:纤维数量由韦伯数与稳定数决定,低黏度物料的纤维数量主要受表面张力影响。因离心拉伸,纤维断裂的界面波波长为纤维直径的3.56倍,但其断裂仍为短波模式。完全纤维状成粒的纤维数量维持不变且与流量无关,流量的增加主要通过纤维直径和长度的延伸来体现。颗粒粒径主要由纤维直径和界面波波长决定,高转速时液膜与转盘间切向速度滑移增大,颗粒粒径不再明显减小,可以采用如增大转盘直径或者改善转盘表面拓扑结构等途径调控颗粒粒径,而非无限加大转盘转速。     

突变管段三相流流型研究

油气水三相流动极其复杂, 三相之间的混合界面稳定性较弱, 因此在不同的输送条件下存在多种流型。使用 VOF模型, 以突变管段内油气水三相流为模拟对象, 在气体体积分数、 原油黏度及流动速度等参数不同的条件下, 对流体在管内的流动进行了模拟, 得到了相应的相分布云图。研究结果表明, 气体体积分数及流速对多相 流流型具有很大的影响, 而原油的黏度对流型的影响不是很明显。     

The effect of wall roughness on the liquid removal in micro-channels related to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)

In this paper, the effect of the wall roughness on the water behavior related to the PEMFCs gas channel is investigated by the two-phase flow simulation. And, the different wetting conditions of the wall surface are considered, i.e. hydrophilic surface and hydrophobic surface. The relative roughness height and the roughness element density as well as the roughness element type are also considered in the study. And the results show: (1) for hydrophilic surface, water behavior for smooth case is different from the roughness cases, due to the effect of roughness on the water slug morphology even for r/H = 0.2% roughness. (2) r/H = 0.2% is positive for water removal and will not lead to the high pressure drop for hydrophilic surface, (3) r/H = 5% is advantageous for water removal for hydrophilic surface but disadvantageous for hydrophobic case, and the pressure drop greatly increases for both cases, (4) for hydrophobic surface, roughness of r/H = 1% and r/H = 2% slow down the water removal speed, but will not affect the amount of the removable water, (5) there is nearly no effect for r/H = 0.2% for hydrophobic case, (6) for both conditions, the average pressure drop obviously increases when r/H ≥ 2%. (7) Increase of the roughness element can help water removal for hydrophilic case but no obvious function for hydrophobic surface. (8) The triangle roughness element is better than rectangle element with the same height.     

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of water droplet emerging from a gas diffusion layer surface in micro-channels

The dynamic formation of water droplets emerging from a gas diffusion layer (GDL) surface in micro-channels was simulated using the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The influence of GDL surface microstructure was investigated by changing the pore diameter and the number of pore openings on the GDL surface. Simulation results show that the microstructure of the GDL surface has a significant impact on the two-phase flow patterns in gas flow channels. For a non-uniform GDL surface, three stages were identified, namely emergence and merging on the GDL surface, accumulation on the channel sidewalls and detachment from the top wall. It was also found that if the pore size is small enough, the flow pattern in the channel does not change with further reduction in the pore diameter. However, the two-phase flow patterns change significantly with the wettability of the GDL surface and sidewalls, but remain the same when the liquid flow rate is reduced by two orders of magnitude from the reference case.     

基于流体体积方法的燃油液滴蒸发过程数值模拟研究

建立了基于气液两相流流体体积（VOF）方法的燃油液滴蒸发的数学计算模型,研究了燃油液滴蒸发过程中的传热传质特性及强制对流流场对传热传质特性的影响。研究发现,燃油液滴在蒸发过程中,液滴内部并不是均匀加热,而是热点区域加热较快,其他区域缓慢加热。在初始时刻时,燃油液滴相界面处的蒸气与周围气体之间的浓度梯度较大,因此初期的蒸发速率较快,其谢伍德数Sh也较大。不同气液相温度差能促进液滴的蒸发过程,随着气液相温度差增大,液滴蒸发速率逐渐增大。随着雷诺数的增大,高温热点区域的分界线逐渐模糊,液滴内部加热逐渐趋于均匀。雷诺数越大,液滴的温度越高,但液滴温度差别较小。不同雷诺数能有效促进液滴的蒸发过程。     

T型微流控芯片中微液滴破裂的数值模拟

利用VOF模型对T型结构微流控芯片中微液滴的三维破裂过程进行了数值模拟,获得了液滴发生破裂和不会破裂两种流型。一定轴向长度的微液滴对应着一个临界毛细数,当主流流体的毛细数大于此临界毛细数时,微液滴发生破裂并分别流向T型结构两侧;否则不会发生破裂,微液滴流向任意一侧。通过多个工况的计算,拟合了临界毛细数与微液滴相对轴向长度的关系,探讨了黏度比对微液滴破裂的影响。发现黏度比越小,微液滴越易发生破裂。