A numerical model for the complete thermo-fluid-dynamic and phase-change transport processes of two-component hydrocarbon liquid droplets consisting of n-heptane, n-decane and mixture of the two in various compositions is presented and validated against experimental data. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved numerically together with the VOF methodology for tracking the droplet interface, using an adaptive local grid refinement technique. The energy and concentration equations inside the liquid and the gaseous phases for both liquid species and their vapor components are additionally solved, coupled together with a model predicting the local vaporization rate at the cells forming the interface between the liquid and the surrounding gas. The model is validated against experimental data available for droplets suspended on a small diameter pipe in a hot air environment under convective flow conditions; these refer to droplet’s surface temperature and size regression with time. An extended investigation of the flow field is presented along with the temperature and concentration fields. The equilibrium position of droplets is estimated together with the deformation process of the droplet. Finally, extensive parametric studies are presented revealing the nature of multi-component droplet evaporation on the details of the flow, the temperature and concentration fields. 相似文献
A mathematical model is proposed to study the impingement of multiple supersonic jets onto the free surface of the liquid bath containing molten slag and metal in a steelmaking converter by means of volume of fluid (VOF) approach. The applicability of the proposed model is verified by the good agreement with measured and calculated results. The model is then used to study the jet hydrodynamic behaviours such as jet profile, impact force, penetration depth and impact area, as well as time-dependent evolution of cavity, with respect to temperature, operating pressure and lance height. The results show that the temperature effect on total impact force is negligible but significant for penetration depth and impact area. A semi-empirical correlation is used to describe penetration depth under the steelmaking condition of high temperature. It is also shown that the proposed model can reproduce the splashing phenomenon on the bath surface.
On propose un modèle mathématique pour étudier l’impact de jets supersoniques multiples à la surface libre du bain liquide contenant de la scorie et du métal fondus dans un convertisseur de production d’acier, au moyen de l’approche du Volume de Fluide (VOF). On vérifie l’applicabilité du modèle proposé par l’agrément entre les résultats calculés et les résultats mesurés. On utilise ensuite le modèle pour étudier les comportements hydrodynamiques du jet, comme le profil du jet, la force de choc, la profondeur de pénétration et la superficie de l’impact, ainsi que l’évolution de la cavité en fonction du temps par rapport à la température, à la pression d’opération et à la hauteur de la lance. Les résultats montrent que l’effet de la température sur la force totale de choc est négligeable mais qu’il est important pour la profondeur de pénétration et pour la superficie de l’impact. On utilise une corrélation semi-empirique pour décrire la profondeur de pénétration pour la production d’acier à température élevée. On montre également que le modèle proposé peut reproduire le phénomène d’éclaboussement à la surface du bain. 相似文献