风电容量可信度研究综述与展望

风电容量可信度定义为等可靠性前提下风电机组可以替代的常规机组的容量占风电装机容量的比例,是衡量风电对电力系统充裕度贡献的重要指标。随着我国风电的大规模并网,风电容量可信度将成为电力规划中电力平衡的重要指标。综述了风电容量可信度的定义与主要计算方法,总结了风电容量可信度的影响因素,分析了风电容量可信度的变化机理,展望了未来有待进一步研究的方向。     

一起风电场变压器短路故障的诊断与分析

分析了一起风电变压器低压多股并绕导线间的短路故障案例,采用多种试验方法并结合测量数据分析,推断出了故障部位,详细的介绍了分析过程和检查情况,并提出预防措施。     

Composite Repair in Wind Turbine Blades: An Overview

Renewable energy sources such as wind energy—together with energy-efficient technologies—are essential to meet global energy demands and address climate change. Fiber-reinforced polymer composites, with their superior structural properties (e.g., high stiffness-to-weight) that allow lightweight and robust designs, play a significant part in the design and manufacture of modern wind turbines, especially turbine blades, for demanding service conditions. However, with the current global growth in onshore/offshore wind farm installations (with total global capacity of ～282 GW by the end of 2012) and trend in wind turbine design (～7–8 MW turbine capacity with ～70–80 m blade length for offshore installations), one of the challenges that the wind energy industry faces with composite turbine blades is the aspect of structural maintenance and repair. Although wind turbines are typically designed for a service life of about 20 years, robust structural maintenance and repair procedures are essential to ensure the structural integrity of wind turbines and prevent catastrophic failures. Wind blades are damaged due to demanding mechanical loads (e.g., static and fatigue), environmental conditions (e.g., temperature and humidity) and also manufacturing defects. If material damage is not extensive, structural repair is the only viable option to restore strength since replacing the entire blade is not cost-effective, especially for larger blades. Composite repairs (e.g., external and scarf patches) can be used to restore damaged laminate/sandwich regions in wind blades. With composite materials in the spar (～30–80 mm thick glass/carbon fiber laminates) and aerodynamic shells (sandwich sections with thin glass fiber skins and thick foam/wood as core), it is important to have reliable and cost-effective structural repair procedures to restore damaged wind blades. However, compared to aerospace bonded repairs, structural repair procedures in wind blades are not as well developed and thus face several challenges. In this regard, the area of composite repair in wind blades is broadly reviewed to provide an overview as well as identify associated challenges.     

大型风力发电机偏航系统控制策略研究现状及展望

偏航系统控制策略直接决定着风力发电系统的经济效益。本文在介绍偏航系统工作原理的基础上,把风力发电机偏航系统控制策略分为重启对风策略和执行对风策略,并分别评述了研究现状。分析结果表明当前业界的研究热点主要集中于偏航系统执行对风策略方面,偏航系统重启对风策略新的研究开展较少。文中在量化分析偏航系统实际运行数据、风电场风速风向实测数据及风电机组功率曲线的基础上,指出传统的偏航系统重启对风策略存在过多将偏航系统寿命消耗在低风速区的不足,影响了偏航系统寿命周期综合经济效益;偏航系统重启对风策略制定需综合考虑风电场实际风能特征、风电机组发电功率特征等因素,研究能实现偏航系统动作寿命的高效利用的新型重启对风策略具有重要的价值,值得关注。     

Survey on communication architectures for wind energy integration with the smart grid

Communication systems are needed to integrate generated power from wind farms with the electrical grid. This paper provides a comprehensive review of available communication technologies, protocols and objectives related to wind energy and electrical grid integration. This paper summarizes the communication system solutions for wind generation. A major obstacle is an absence of unified communication architectures and standards.     

高层建筑基本平面形式及布局对城市总体通风的影响研究

该文从平面的视角出发,对高层建筑基本平面形式选择、总平面布局对城市风环境带来的影响进行分析.高层建筑的不同基本平面形式,以及总平面布局中朝向、尺度、外部空间等方面的不同设计决策,对城市总体通风的影响有显著差异.根据定性分析,以及PHOENICS流体动力学软件的模拟结果,总结高层建筑设计中需要考虑的平面选型和布局策略,以保证城市风道畅通,提高城市总体通风效率.     

交通标志牌风荷载标准值计算的对比分析

本文详细介绍了建筑结构设计和公路桥梁结构设计对交通标志牌风荷载标准值的两种不同计算方法。通过对两者计算结果的对比分析,得出结论,供工程设计人员参考。     

风电叶片部件疲劳试验机跟随控制策略研究

针对风电叶片部件疲劳试验过程中实际载荷与期望载荷跟随效果差的问题,提出一种超前自校正与改进线性自抗扰(LADRC)相结合的同步控制策略。该方法通过对实际载荷进行自校正补偿与系统误差以及外部扰动一起输入到改进线性自抗扰控制器,从而实现加载力和频率的有效控制。对疲劳试验机油电液伺服系统控制算法进行仿真分析,并通过搭建现场试验平台对同步控制策略进行有效性验证。仿真及试验结果表明：在较大载荷疲劳试验过程中,该控制策略显著提升系统的快速响应性和抗干扰能力,载荷误差控制在1%以内,相对于传统ADRC控制算法同步误差减小了56.14%,有效实现了风电叶片部件疲劳试验载荷的精确控制。     

升温机制对膨胀型防火涂层隔热性能的影响

对水溶性(W型)和溶剂型(S型)这2种膨胀型钢结构防火涂层在ISO 834标准火及3条非标准火升温曲线下的隔热性能进行了试验研究,其中3条非标准火曲线的升温速率及最高温度均低于标准火.试验结束后对不同升温机制下防火涂层的膨胀倍率和膨胀层的泡孔结构进行定性对比分析,并根据隔热性能试验中温度的测量结果计算防火涂层的等效导热系数,用以对不同升温机制下防火涂层的隔热性能进行定量分析.分析结果表明:升温速率影响膨胀-固化阶段气体的逸出率,进而对防火涂层的膨胀倍率产生影响;升温速率不同,发泡剂分解释放气体的时间与熔融态涂层黏滞性的匹配度不同,炭层的泡孔尺寸不同;膨胀倍率越大,泡孔尺寸越小,炭层的隔热性能越好;与标准火下防火涂层的等效导热系数相比,非标准火下防火涂层的等效导热系数均有不同程度的提高,最大差异为65%(W型)和35%(S型);用标准火下膨胀型防火涂层隔热性能的检测结果来指导非标准火(火场温度和升温速率均比标准火低)下防火涂层的设计将导致不安全的结果.     

合理设计岩屑规程保证正常钻进条件——金刚石钻进技术专题之一

论述了正常钻进的条件，提出了合理岩屑规程是保证正常钻进的关键和设计钻头的主要依据之一，讨论了岩屑规程与金刚石钻头唇面工作状态、孔底表面粗糙度和岩屑粒度的关系，提出了相应的建议。